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14th Amendment helps blacks
The 14th Amendment granted due process and equal protection under the law to African Americans. -
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Civil Rights Movement
Movement of Civil Rights in the United States. -
Former slave as Governer
Oscar J Dunn, a former slave, was installed as the governor of Louisiana. -
Ratified 14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was ratified and granted citizenship to ex-slaves. -
Voting Rights
The 14th Amendment allows African Americans the right to vote, including former slaves. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld an 1890 Louisiana statute mandating racially segregated but equal railroad cars. Plessy v. Ferguson gave a broad interpretation of "equal but separate" accommodations with reference to "white and colored people" legitimizing "Jim Crow" practices throughout the South. -
Multi-racial group of activists
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded by a multi-racial group of activists in New York, N.Y. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
The U.S. Supreme Court's unanimously ruled in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas that public school segregation was unconstitutional and paved the way for desegregation. -
Rosa Parks
First female African American who stood her ground in the "Whites" section on a bus and was soon arrested for refusing to move. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. -
Southern Christian Leadership
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, comprised of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Charles K. Steele and Fred L. Shuttlesworth, was established. King was the organization's first president. -
"Little Rock Nine"
Central High School in Little Rock, Ark. Nine black students, who became known as the "Little Rock Nine," were blocked from entering the school on the orders of Arkansas Governor Orval Fabus. President Eisenhower sent federal troops and the National Guard to intervene on behalf of the students, but a federal judge granted an injunction against the governor's use of National Guard troops to prevent integration. They were withdrawn on Sept. 20, 1957. -
Order 10925
President Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, prohibiting discrimination in federal government hiring on the basis of race, religion or national origin and establishing The President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity , the EEOC. -
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer was to carry out a unified voter registration program in the state of Mississippi. Both COFO and the Summer Project were the result of the "Sit-In" and "Freedom Ride" movements of 1960 and 1961, and of SNCC's earlier efforts to organize voter registration drives throughout Mississippi. -
Civil Rightsd Act
President Lyndon Johnson signed this Act which prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. -
Loving v. Virginia
In Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court ruled that prohibiting interracial marriage was unconstitutional. Sixteen states that still banned interracial marriage at the time were forced to revise their laws.
