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1960 BCE
Chicano Mural Movement Begins
The Chicano mural movement began in the 1960s in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest. Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture. -
American Civil War (1861-1865)
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between the northern United States and the southern United States. -
13th Amendment
Abolition of slavery: Slavery is not allowed in any state or territory under the government of the U.S.A. -
14th Amendment
Civil Rights in the States; All persons born or naturalized in the United States are subject to its laws and cannot be denied any of the rights and privileges contained in the Constitution. -
15th Amendment
Black suffrage: Citizens cannot be denied their right to vote because of their race or color or because they were once slaves. -
Reconstruction (1865-1877)
The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution,[1] adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War -
Jim Crow Laws Start in South
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws passed from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the mid-1950s by which white southerners reasserted their dominance by denying African Americans basic social, economic, and civil rights, such as the right to vote. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
A case in which the Supreme Court ruled that segregated, "equal but separate" public accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the 14th amendment. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
She refused to give up her seat to a white man when the bus was full, she was thrown off and arrested. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Eisenhower passed this bill to establish a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it did not guarantee a ballot for blacks. -
Little Rock Nine
A group of African American students that enrolled at a fromaly all-white central high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. -
Affirmative Action
an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women. -
George Wallace Blocks University of Alabama Entrance
Wallace abandoned his moderate stance on integration and ran for governor again in 1962, emphasizing segregation.From the late 1970s, onward, Wallace modified his opinion of race issues. -
The Feminine Mystique
Written by Betty Friedan; argued that traditional housemaker roles for middle-class women were psychologically damaging and prevented them from attaining full human capabilities. Seen as the spark that ignited second-wave feminism. -
March on Washington
In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. This document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. -
24th Amendment
prohibited states from requiring payment of a poll tax as a condition for voting in federal elections -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. -
Malcom X Assassinated
Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 while giving a speech in New York City. The assassins were said to be Black Muslims, although this was never proved. -
United Farm Worker’s California Delano Grape Strike
strike, boycott, and secondary boycott led by the United Farm Workers against growers of table grapes in California. The strike began on September 8, 1965, and lasted more than five years. The strike was significant victory for the UFW, leading to a first contract with these growers. -
Thurgood Marshall Appointed to Supreme Court
President Lyndon Johnson appoints U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Thurgood Marshall to fill the seat of retiring Supreme Court Associate Justice Tom C. Clark. On August 30, after a heated debate, the Senate confirmed Marshall's nomination by a vote of 69 to 11. -
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated
Following King's assassination, violence and controversy followed. Senator RFK, a strong supporter for civil rights running for president, gave a speech announcing King's death. He told the American people that America didn't need segregation and violence, America needed loved towards one another and compassion. King's lifetime work as a civil rights activist changed America forever. -
Title IX
The Education Amendments Act of 1972 is a federal law that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." -
Roe v. Wade
The Court held that a woman's right to an abortion fell within the right to privacy (recognized in Griswold v. Connecticut) protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.
