Civil Rights Movement

Civil RIghts Movement

Period: Jan 1, 1946 to Dec 31, 1971

White Primary is abolished in Georgia

Apr 1, 1946

Picture <a href='http://http://www.ask.com/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)' >http://www.ask.com/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)</a>The White primary was used to keep blacks from voting in the primary. By law they had to let blacks vote in the general election, but it said nothing about the primary. This was big in Georgia because the democratic party was the only party in Georgia. So when the Democratic canidate was elected in the primary, we would go uncontended through the general.

Integration of the Armed Forces

Jan 11, 1948

Picture and Infohttp://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/desegregation/large/index.php?action=chronologyJanuary 1948- Harry Truman decides to abolish segregation in the armed forces by administrative action.
July 26 1948- Harry Truman signs an order known as the executive order of 9981.

Brown vs. Board of Education

May 17, 1954

Decision that said laws saying schools can be segregated is unconstitutional.
This decision overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which made state wide segregation legal.
This ruling helped with further integration and the civil rights
movement. Picture and Info http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Dec 20, 1955

December 20, 1956- Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in the white section on the bus, and then not giving up her seat to a white person.
Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest that was against Montgomery’s segregated public transport system.
Browder v. Gayle was a Supreme Court ruling that said that the segregation of public transportation was unconstitutional.
[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_Bus_Boycott](http:// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_Bus_Boycott)

Change to Georgia's state Flag

Mar 3, 1956

A push to the old Confederate flag of Georgia first started in 1955.
John Sammons Bell, Jefferson Lee Davis, and Willis Harden introduced the bill.
They said it was to honor the centennial of the Civil War, but some say it was a symbol of the resistance to integration in Georgia.
They changed the state flag to a new flag that resembled the old confederate flag.
The flag later changed again in 2001 and in 2004.http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flags/ga_flag.htm

Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"

Sep 1, 1957

Picture and Info http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_NineCrisis was caused when African American students known as the “Little Rock Nine” who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School, but were prevented from entering.
The school had national guards that prevented them from coming in and many of the “Little Rock Nine” were threatened by white students that they would be hung.

Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed

Oct 12, 1958

http://jwa.org/teach/livingthelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Hebrew_Benevolent_Congregation_TempleOctober 12 1958- The Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple, or “The Temple, located on Peachtree street in Atlanta was bombed
Nobody was killed during the bombing, but one of the side walls of the building was blown off
The explosion consisted of approximately fifty dynamite sticks
The synagogue was bombed by a white separatist group and they bombed in revolt against Jews and Blacks

Sibley Commission

Mar 3, 1960

http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617Most schools in the state refused to integrate
1955- GA’s general assembly said they would cut off state funding to schools that integrated
Sibley Commission was created to examine the problems schools had with integration
Headed by John Sibley

Integration of the University of Georgia

Jan 6, 1961

http://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/archives/integration/integration1.htmlJanuary 6, 1961- Court ruling stated that the University of Georgia had to admit two black teenagers; Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes
In the following days after the two students were enrolled into the University of Georgia, students protested outside of the enrollment office

Freedom Rides

May 4, 1961

http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom rides.htm1961- Freedom rides first began
Freedom riders were created to try and desegregate public transportation throughout the south
May 4, 1961- first freedom rides took place
Almost every stop the freedom riders made, they were beaten, but they kept on riding
Eventually when they got to Mississippi the segregation of public transportation had been prohibited

Albany Movement

Nov 17, 1961

thealbanyjournal.com[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Movement](http:// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Movement)Started on November 17, 1961 in Albany Georgia
It involved the SNCC and the NAACP, Martin Luther King Jr., and the SCLC
The Albany movement attracted major nationwide attention

Birmingham Alabama Protests

Mar 21, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaignTook place during the spring of 1963
Started by the SCLC
Purpose was to bring attention to how bad black people were still being treated
Many protesters were beaten and some were sprayed with high powered water hoses from fire hydrants

March on Washington DC

Aug 23, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_FreedomWas one of the largest political rallies for human rights in the history of the United States
Point of rally was to help African Americans get economic and civil rights
Took place on August 23, 1963 in Washington DC
During this march Martin Luther King Jr. gave his world famous “I have a dream speech”
This march is credited with pushing the United States into passing the Civil Rights Act

16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed

Sep 15, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombingSeptember 15, 1963- 16th street Baptist church in Birmingham was bombed, four girls were killed during the bombing
The church was bombed by a Ku Klux Klan group
The bombing happened when the group placed dynamite that were on a timer under the steps of the church
At 10:22 am the bomb blew up and blew off the rear wall of the church

JFK assassinated

Nov 22, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._KennedyJFK, the 35th president of the USA, was assassinated during a parade in Fort Worth, Texas at 12:30 pm
After ten months of investigating who killed JFK, the Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was the one that shot and killed JFK all by himself

Civil Rights Act 1964 passed

Jul 2, 1964

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_19641964- After years of protesting, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act
The act forbade the discrimination based on gender and race while hiring, promoting, or firing
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson

Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed

Aug 6, 1965

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_ActLegislation passed that outlawed any sehregation towards voting
Stopped the wide spread disfranchisement in the united states
This act was signed by president Lyndon B. Johnson

Summrthill Race Riot

Sep 6, 1966

http://www.summerhillatl.org/summerhill-history/The Summerhill race riot was a riot that happened near Atlanta
The riot started over a black man being shot by the police

MLK assassinated

Apr 4, 1968

http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_AssassinationMLK was killed by a man named James Earl Ray
He was shot and killed on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis Tennessee
I believe that the reaction in Atlanta was just a little bit different than all other cities in the us because MLK grew up in ATL

All GA Schools Integrated

Mar 4, 1971

http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3616This happened because the government ordered that all schools be integrated
The result was that private schools in Georgia that were made for white kids now had to allow blacks in