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Black Codes
The Black Codes were laws the restricted African Americans freedom. And made them workon low wages and debt. Passed in 1865 and 1866. -
13th Amendment
The 13th amendment abolished slavery, in the United States. Was a recostruction amendment after the Civil War. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment gratified citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States. It means it can't deny any person the equal protection of the laws. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment granted African Americans the right to vote. And said no one shall be denied by their color, race, or previous condition of solitude. -
Share cropping/Tenant Farming
Share Cropping is where someone allows other people to use their land as long as they give them a portion of their crops. Tenant farming is where land owners contributed their land and operated capital and management. A lot of whites did this after slavery were abolished, especially in the south -
Lynching
Lynching is usually were people, usually a mob, will hang people in an injustice way. Often the dominant group does it to challenge the supressors. Happened a lot in the U.S. history especially to African Americans. -
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow Laws were laws enforcing racial segregration in America. Segregrated public schools, public facilities, public transportation, and restrooms. "Separate but equal." -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a case that dealt with a black man that got a ticket in a white man's only car on a train. It deals with the doctrine of "separate but equal". With public facilities like schools, restrooms, and etc. Plessy loss the case. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the first African-American justice. He had a huge role in the victory of Brown v. Board of Education. Was nominated for the supreme court by President Johnson n 1967 -
Orville Faubus
Orville Faubus whoe served as the Governer of Arkansas. He is best known for definy the U.S. Supreme Court, by telling the Arkansas National Guard to stop black students form entering his school Little Rock Central Hugh School. -
Hector P Garcia
Hector P Garcia was a physician, surgeon. civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. Was a national prominence among Hispanic Americans and won the Presidential Medal of Freedom. -
Lester Madox
Lester Madox was the 75th governer of the state of Georgia. He was a segregationist who refused to serve black customers in his restaurant in Alabama. It was a defiance of the civil rights act -
George Wallace
George Wallace was the 45th governer of Alabama. An assassination attempt left him paralyzed and was in a wheelchair for the rest of his life.Was a huge segregationist and even denied black kids to enter his schools. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote. After about 70 years of the women's rights to movement we finally got the right to vote. -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan was a writer, activist, and feminist. She was a leading figure in the women's activist movement in the United States. She wrote the book 'the Feminine Mystique'. -
Cesar Chavez
Best known Latino American civil rights activists. Labor leader and american farmer. Co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. Symbolize for workers, and Hispanic Empowerment. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther king Jr. was a Americn Batist Minister, activist, humanitarian, and a huge part African-American Civil Rights Movement. Led Montgomery Bus Boycott, and helped found SCLC. And helped with a lot of nonviolent protests. -
20th Amendment
The 20th Amendment is what sets the date for federal government elected offices end. Also decides who succeds the president when they die. -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Authority is a United States government agency that deals with making housing and home mortgages more affordable. Goals are to improve housing standards and conditions and stablize the mortgage loans. -
Sit-ins
Sit-in is a direct action involving an area where people are occupying for a protest.There have been lots of sit-ins since the early 1940's. A lot for the civil rights movement, and feminist movements. -
Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending seperation between two races. Commonly referring to the United States. In the American Civil Rights Movement examples are Brown v Boardof Education and desegregation with the military. -
Brown v Board of Education
Brown v Board Education was an important case that changed history. The Supreme Court ruled that separate public schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional. Realized that segregation among schools was unequal. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks is an African-American Civil Rights activist, even was called "the first lady of civil rights". Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus, and move to the colored section so a white passenger could sit. She later helped out with other civil right activists. -
Montogomery Bus Boycott
The Montogomery Bus Boycott was a protest campaign for the racial segregation of Montogomery, Alabama's public transit system. A lot of important civil right activists partcipated in this boycott. Helped with Alabama and Montgomery requiring segregrated buses to be unconstitutional. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
It was the 1st civil rights legislation since reconstruction. The rights act protcted voting rights. It also established federal civil rights commision investigates discrimination and prevented interference in voting. -
Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is the refusal to obry certain laws or commands. It's usually a nonviolent resistance.It's how many people rebelled and was a big part of the civil rights act movement. -
Affirmitive Action
Steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorites in areas of employment, education, and business from which the had been historically excluded. -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment ended Poll Tax. A lot of states made people pay to vote. States were no longer allowed to put a poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Head Start
Head Start is a program that deals with childhood education, health, and effcets of systemic poverty. Is abig help when it comes to children and poverty. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The civil rights act of 1964 abolished racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers. People could not be denied hire or fired for any of the reasons said beforehand. Introduced by JFK and ended unfair voting requirements. -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound is an educational program that helps high school students have a better opportunity at attending college -
Voting Right Act of 1965
The Voting Right Act of 1965 prohibited racial discrimination when voting like poll taxes, literacy tests, etc. It strengthened enforcement of 15th amendment and banned literacy tests as qualifications for voting. -
Nonviolent protest
Nonviolent Protest is basically the action of achieving goals through symbolic protests or any type of peaceful assemby against something. Throughout the civil rights act movement African Americans used nonviolent protests frequently. -
26th Amendment
The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. They believed if people had to fight in the war at 18 they should be at least be ableto vote at 18 too. -
Title IX
The Title IX is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the gender of any education program or activity. Impacted greatly on high schools.
