Civil Rights in America

13th Amendment

Apr 8, 1864

Abolition of slavery Outlawed

15th Amendment

Feb 25, 1868

"African American men got the right to vote by declaring that the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race"

14th amendment

Jul 9, 1868

Right to be free from discrimination in states to have dur process of law and equal protection of the law.

Sharecropping/Tenant Farming

Oct 12, 1870

"Sharecropping is a system of argiculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land." It was from the 1870s to the 1950s
"Tenant farming is an agriculral production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a masure of operating capital and managment>

Lynching

Oct 12, 1880

Extrajudical punishment by an informal group. It is moslty used to charaxterize informal public executions by a mob, often by hanging, in order to punish an alleged trsngressor, or to intimidate a minority group.

Plessy V. Ferguson

Jun 7, 1892

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states can constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use "Separate but equal" segregated facilities.

Thurgood Marshall

Jul 2, 1908

Distinguished lawyer. Argued and won Brown v. Board of Education. Worked for the NAACP. 1st African American Supreme Court Justice. Established a record for supporting the voiceless American.

Orville Faubus

Jan 7, 1910

Governor of Arkansas. Best known for his stand in the desegregation of Little Rock High School where he ordered Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from entering the school.

Rosa Parks

Feb 4, 1913

African-American Civil Rights activist. Rosa Park who was working for the NAACP, heard about Claudette and was inspired to do the same thing. Rosa worked closely with Martin Luther King Jr. in the Montgomery Boycotts

Hector P Garcia

Jan 17, 1914

Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and found of the American G.I. Forum. He was named alternate representative to the United Na5tions in 1967. Appointed to the United States Commission on Civil RIghts in 1968. and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, 1984.

19th Amendment

May 19, 1919

Women had the right to vote.

George Wallace

Aug 25, 1919

Governor of Alabama. Pro-segregation.
"I say segregation today, segregation tomrrow, and forever."

Betty Friedan

Feb 4, 1921

A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States

Cesar Chavez

Mar 31, 1927

Chavez strongly promoted by the American labor leader and best known civil rights activist. He co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. "His public-relations approach to unionism and aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers' struggle a moral cause with nationwide support."

Martin Luther King Jr.

Jan 15, 1929

Leader of the Civil Rights Movement. Preacher. Advocated nonviolent civil disobedience and demanded equal rights for Blacks including desegregation in all public fcailities and life. Assassinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray - his death sparked race riots all over America

Civil Disobedience

Mar 12, 1930

"Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monoploy on salt. Gandhi's boldest act of his civil disobedience yet against Britsh rule in India"

20th Amendment

Jan 23, 1933

United States government elected offices end.

Federal Housing Authority

Oct 9, 1934

Sets Standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. Helps builds homes today.

Desgregation

Oct 9, 1939

Process of ending separation of two groups noramally referring to races. Its most commonly used in the United States

Jim Crow Laws

Oct 9, 1950

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in Southern United States. It started in the 1950s, but there is no specific date

Brown vs Board

Oct 13, 1954

Held that racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourthteen Amendment.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Dec 1, 1955

Lasted from December 1955 to December 1956. Ended with SCOTUS case Browder V Gayle that segregated buses were unconstitutional.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Sep 9, 1957

1st civil rights legislation since reconstruction. Protected voting rights. Established Federal Civil RIghts Commission. Prevented interference in Voting.

Sit-ins

Feb 1, 1960

Most well known sit-ins happened in Greensboro North Carolina. At this time (1960) a "whites only" counter and were refused service, refused to leave until the store closed.

24th amendment

Jan 23, 1964

Prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officals

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Jul 2, 1964

Abolished racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers. Could not denied hire or fired for any of the above reasons.

Nonviolent Protest

Oct 9, 1964

Those who particpated in sit-ins, by provoking segregationists into angry reponses, they succeeded in winning sympathy from others. Best known for sit-ins and marches. Men, Women, and children particpated in peaceful protest.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Aug 6, 1965

Prohibited racial discrimination when voting: like poll taxes, literacy test etc,. Strengthened enforcement of 15th amendment. Banned literacy test as qualifications for voting.

Upward Bound

Oct 9, 1965

National program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first generation students graduation from colleges so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class. Helped kids back in the day with their education.

Affirmative action

Oct 9, 1965

Policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture. They help with people who need education and employment that have been historically excluded groups in America.
Didn't give a speific date

Head Start

Oct 9, 1965

Program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprenhensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvemnt services to low-income children and families. Back in the day when parents didn't have enough money for their kids to go to school they would take them to the "Head Start Program"

Lester Madox

Sep 28, 1966

Governor of Georgia. Former resturant owner who refused to serve Blacks. Segregationist- however he oversaw many improvements to Black employment rights as governor.

26th Amendment

Mar 23, 1971

Changed the portion of the 14th amendment section 1. 18 and older are given the right to vote

Title IX

Oct 9, 1972

"Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activites that recieve federal financial assistance in athletics and sports."