Civil Rights in America

Lynching

Oct 7, 1800

Between 1880 and 1930, an estimated 2,400 black men, women, and children were killed by lynch mobs.

13th Amendment

Jan 31, 1865

Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

Black codes

Oct 7, 1865

-Laws that had the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

14th Amendment

Oct 7, 1868

granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.

15th Amendment

Oct 7, 1870

the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote.

Jim Crow Laws

Oct 7, 1877

-Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Apr 13, 1896

-Homer PLessy sat on white side of train
-broke Louisiana State Law
-Plessy is white with black ancestry; still counts as a black person

Hector P. Garcia

Jan 17, 1914

• Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum

19th Amendment

Oct 7, 1920

t granted women the right to vote.

Betty Friedan

Oct 7, 1921

etty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist.

20th Amendment

Oct 7, 1933

Ratified January 23, 1933. The 20th Amendment changed a portion of Article I, Section 4, and a portion of the 12th Amendment.

Fderal Housing Authority

Oct 7, 1934

s a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934.

Nonviolent Protest

Jun 7, 1950

• MLK lead the protest -Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Henry David Thoreau inspired MLK with the process -The civil rights movement was from the 1950s to the 60s

Brown v. Board of Education

May 17, 1954

Brown v. Board of Education was a Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

Desegregation

Oct 7, 1954

-Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Dec 1, 1955

-Tha seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement
-Was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation

Civil Rights Act

Oct 7, 1957

The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was also Congress's show of support for the Supreme Court's Brown decisions

Sit ins

Jun 9, 1960

-A form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.

Affirmative Action

Oct 7, 1961

or positive discrimination (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India and Nepal, and positive action in the UK) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture.

24th Amendment

Oct 7, 1964

On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Oct 7, 1964

is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Veterans Rights Act

Oct 7, 1965

Wood pulp, paper and chemicals are the economic mainstays of Washington Parish Louisiana.

Upward Bound

Oct 7, 1965

is a federally funded educational program within the United States. The program is one of a cluster of programs now referred to as TRIO.

Civil Disobedience

Jul 7, 1968

-Professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power.

26th Amendment

Oct 7, 1971

Ratified July 1, 1971. The 26th Amendment changed a portion of the 14th Amendment.

Title IX

Oct 7, 1972

s a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Apr 4, 1986

-MLK was a clergymen, activist
-He lead the African American civil Rights Movement and the Peace Movement
-He was sent to jail for protesting
-He was assasinated

Thurgood Marshall

Jan 24, 1993

-Agrued and won Brown vs Board of Education
-Worked for the NAACP
-1st African American supreme court justice

Cesar Chavez

Apr 23, 1993

-An American farm worker
-Labor leader
-Civil rights activist
-With Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association.

Orville Faubus

Dec 14, 1994

-known for his stand in the desegregation of Little Rock High School where he ordered Arkansas National Guard

George Wallace

Sep 13, 1998

-Governor of Alabama
-Ran for U.S. President 4 times
-Pro-segregationist

Lester Maddox

Jun 23, 2003

-Governor of Georgia
-Former restaurant owner who refused to serve Blacks
-Segregationist

Rosa Parks

Oct 24, 2005

-Known for the Monthomery Bus boycott
-Was a civil rights activitst
-Was born on February 4, 1913