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Civil Disobedience
Civil Disobedience is the refusal to obey certain laws or government commands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy, characterized by the empolymennt of such nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing, and and nonpayment of taxes. -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of the land. -
13th Amendment
This amendemnt officailly ended slavery in the United States. -
Black Codes
After the Civil War, these were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866. These laws were meant to restrict African-Americans' freedo, and forcing them to work in labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
14th Amendment
This amendment granted citivenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States." This also included former slaves and recently freed slaves. -
15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Lynching
Lyniching was public torture to African-American people throughout the country. This act was at its peak between 1880 and 1940. It took the lives of many African American men, woman and children who were forced to go through public humiliation and fear. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
30 year old Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisianna Railroad. Louisiana passed the Separate Car Act which legally segragated common careers in 1892. A black organization later decided to challenge the law in the courts. Plessy puposly sat in the white section where he was arrested and the case went all the way to The United States Supreme Court. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood was a U.S. Supreme Court justice and civil rights advocate. As legal council for the NAACP he led the litigation that ruined the legal and underpinnings of Jim Crow segragation. "As an associate justice of the Supreme Court he crafted a distinctive jurisprudence marked by uncompromising liberalism, unusual attentiveness to practical considerations beyond the formalities of law, and an indefatigable willingness to dissent." -
Orville Famous
He was a governor of Arkansas whose defiance of Federal desegregation order in 1957 led to a school crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas. He served as governor from 1955 to 1967 and he helped define the bloody canvas of the civil rights ear when white southerns defied court-ordered desegragation of public schools. -
Rosa ParksR
Rosa Parks was an African-American lady that refused to give up her seat on the front ogf the bus to a white male in 1955. This helped begin the Civil Rights moevemnt in the United States. The leaders of the local black community organized a bus boycott. The bus boycott began the day Rosa Parks was accused of violating segragation laws. -
Hector P. Garcia
Hector was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and the founder of the American G.I. Forum. He openly practiced medicine in Corpus Christi. He witnessed the struggles of imagrants and migrant workers. He offered low to no cost treatments to his patients. He was awarded with the nation's highest civilian award, known as the Presidential Medal of Freedom. -
Lester Maddox
He was a resturaunt owner in Atlanta. He adopted the pick handle as his symbol of defiance. Mr. Maddox violated the newly signed federal Civil Rights Act by refusing to serve three black students at his resturaunt. He was determined to not let any black citiezen try any of his famous foods. He was sued and lost. Soon after he lost, he chose to sell his resturarnt rather than selling his food to black people. -
19th Amendment
This amendment garanteed the women's right to vote. -
George Wallace
He was a four time governor of Alabama and hoped to be president three differnet times. Wallace is best remembered for his strong support of racial segragation in the 1960's. He died in Montgomery, Alabama o Spetember 30, 1998. -
Betty Friedan
She wrote a book called The Feminine Mystique in 1963. She helped advance women's rights as one of the founders of the National Organization for Woman. She is remebered for an increased role for women in the political process and is remmebered as a pioneer of feminism and the women's rights movement. -
Cesar Chavez
He was a mexican union leader and labor organizer. His union joined with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Comittee in its first attempt against grape growers in California which later joined to become the United Form Workers. Chavez drew attention for his causes through boycotts, marches and hunger strikes. He was able to secure raises and improve conditions for farm worlers in Califronia, Texas, Arizona and Flordia. -
Martin Luther King jr.
He played a key role in the American Civil RIghts movement from the mid 1950s until he was assinated in Memphis Tenessee in 1968. He was a Baptist minister and social activist. He fought, stood up and made public speaches for the freedon of African-Americans. He attneded the March on Washington snd was forced into the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He was awared with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and is remembered each day on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. -
20th Amendment
This amendment set the dates which the federal (United States) government elected office end. It also says who will take the presidents spot if he were to die. -
Federal Housing Authority
is a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Nonviolent Protest
Nonviolent Protest is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods without using violence. -
Desegregation
Is the process of ending the seperation of two gorups usually refering to races. This term in most commonly used in reference to the United States. -
Brown v. Ferguson
This took place is Topeka Kansas. The courts descion overturned provisions of the Plessy v. Ferguson descion. Declaring that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” Brown v. Board helped change the minds of state-sponsered segragation and provided one of the sparks to the American Civil Rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott was an event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. It was a campaign against the policies of racial segragation on the public transportation systems in Montgomery Alabama. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
It was the act that started the legislative programme and it included the 1964 Civil RIghts Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. -
Jim Crow Laws
These were state and local laws enforcing racial segragtion in the Southern United States -
Sit-ins
Four African-Americans walked up to a white only lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina and asked for coffee. Their service was refused to the students sat patiently ignoring all threats and patienty waited to be served. The Civil Rights sit-ins was then started. -
24th amendment
This amendment put a stop to poll taxes when voting. Before this amendment was passed, some states had citiezens pay in order to vote in a national election -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This is the day and Civil Legislation in the Untie States that stopped discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national orgin. This is considered one of the top legislative achievments in the civil rights movement. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
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Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is not, as some critics charge, a uniquely modern concept fashioned by contemporary liberals in defiance of history or tradition. -
Head Start
The Head Start Program is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families -
Upward Bound
national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class. -
26th amendment
This amendment just changed a portion of the 14th amendment. It says the right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. -
Title IX (9)
This was a law that was passed that requires equality for boys and girls in every educational program that recieves federa; funding.
