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Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping: system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.
Tenant Farming:an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management; -
13th Amendment
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” -
14th Amendment
“all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. -
15th Amendment
Granting African-American men the right to vote. This is a game changer because now that blacks could vote more violence occured to scare the,m. -
Lynching
An extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob, often by hanging, in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a minority group. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
30-year-old Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroad. He thought that the they way he was treated us unconstitutional and took it to court. -
Thurgood Marshall
Was apart of the US Supreme Court serving from 67-91. He was lawyer and successfully sued the University of Maryland for not admitting an African American stuent. -
19th Amendment
Guarantees all American women the right to vote. Achieving this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle; victory took decades of agitation and protest. -
20th Amendment
Sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Federal Housing Authority
A United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Nonviolent Protest
is the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence. -
Brown v. Ferguson
This ended federal tolerance of racial segregation.In Plessy v. Fergusonthe Court had ruled that “separate but equal” accommodations on railroad cars conformed to the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. Hence the motto "separate but equal". This court case turned everything back around. -
Desegregation
The process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. -
Rosa Parks
She was a secretary for the NAACP and helped protest in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. As a black women on a bus she refused to give up her seat to a white person and was put in jail. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks started the chain reaction in the bus boycotts. It was a movement for those who were colored. Blacks and other coloreds refused to ride the bus anywhere until they we're unsegregated. Instead they walked or carpooled -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation passed by Congress in the United States since the 1866 and 1875 Acts. -
Orville Faubus
He gave a speech on on School Intergration. He was known for his vigorous stand against the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Governor Faubus deployed National Guardsmen to block Supreme Court-ordered school integration. -
Sit-ins
A non-violent way to protest against something they believe is wrong. It's a way to get people to notice the movement with out causing violent, chaotic crowds. -
George Wallace
A four time governor to Alabama. He wen tagainst two balck students trying to get into the University of Alabama. He then tried to defy the federal Justice Department orders to admit the students. The president got involved and Walace stood aside. -
Civil Disobedience
The active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. -
Civil Rights of 1964
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people. It authorized the enrollment of voters by federal registrars in states where fewer than fifty percent of the eligible voters were registered or voted. All such states were in the South. -
Head Start
Head Start serves over a million children and their families each year in urban and rural areas in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. territories, including American Indian, Alaskan Native and Migrant/Seasonal communities. -
Lester Maddox
Maddox and his customers supported segregation and opposed the federal government's intervention in such policies. He ran for governor and was sworn in. He was the first Georgia governor to appoint an African American into a prominent government position. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He was a civil rights activist, he was chosen to be the protests leader and official spokesmen for the Montgomery bus boycott. He was once out in jail for his protests even though they were not vilolent. This led him to write a letter about how him being jailed for protesting without violence was unconstitutional, because he had a right ot say what he wanted. -
Cesar Chavez
Chavez tenaciously devoted himself to the problems of some of the poorest workers in America. The movement he inspired succeeded in raising salaries and improving working conditions for farm workers in California, Texas, Arizona, and Florida. -
Title XI
A comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender in any federally funded education program or activity. This increased opportunities for women and girls in athletics is well known, the connection between this law and improvements in key areas such as access to higher education, career education, employment, learning environment, math and science, sexual harassment, standardized testing, and treatment of pregnant and parenting teens is not often noted. -
Upward Bound
Designed to improve the financial and economic literacy of students; and programs and activities previously mentioned that are specially designed for students who are limited English proficient, students from groups that are traditionally underrepresented in postsecondary education, students with disabilities, students who are homeless children and youths, students who are in foster care or are aging out of foster care system or other disconnected students. -
Affirmative Action
Positive discrimination (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India and Nepal, and positive action in the UK) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture. Was first created from Executive Order 10925, which was signed by President John F. Kennedy, equired that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin". -
Betty Friedan
Writer, feminist and women's rights activist Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963) and co-founded the National Organization for Women. -
Hector P. Garcia
Known for organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, and later, against poll taxes and school segregation. -
24th Amendment
Abolished the poll tax for all federal elections. A poll tax was a tax of anywhere from one to a few dollars that had to be paid annually by each voter in order to be able to cast a vote. -
26th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.
