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Plessy v Ferguson
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants. It stemmed from an African-American train passenger Homer Plessy who refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law.
http://goo.gl/GyeL04 -
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Jackie Robinson
*The first black player in the major leagues in 1947.
*Signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
*He was named Rookie of the Year in 1947.
*National League MVP in 1949.
*World Series champ in 1955.
*"There's not an American in this country free until every one of us is free" ~ Jackie Robinson.
http://goo.gl/STjij -
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Medger Evers
A civil rights activist who organized vote registration efforts, demonstrations and boycotts of companies that practiced discrimination.
-Worked to investigate crimes perpetrated against blacks
-Born on July 2,1925 in Decatur, Mississippi
-Assassinated outside his home in Jackson, Mississippi on June 12,1963. -
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James Meredith
In 1962, he became the first African-American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the African American Civil Rights Movement. "Nothing could be more insulting to me than the concept of civil rights. It means perpetual second-class citizenship for me and my kind." ~ James Meredith
http://goo.gl/DCDVlB -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
U.S. civil rights organization that played a privotal role for African Americans in the civil rights movement. CORE was one of the "Big Four" civil rights organizations.
https://goo.gl/1CdMmj -
Sweatt v Painter
Sweatt v. Painter was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson.
The case involved Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas.
https://goo.gl/bH92Q7 -
Brown v Board of Education
Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." In result, racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
http://goo.gl/Djs3dV -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
An event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign started when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person.
https://goo.gl/7QrcSb -
The Southern Manifesto
The Declaration of Constitutional Principles was a document written in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. The manifesto was signed by 101 politicians.
The Congressmen drafted the document to counter the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, which determined that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional.
http://goo.gl/xCA3qD -
Little Rock-Central High School
Central High School was the site of forced school desegregation after the US Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. This was during the period of heightened activism in the American Civil Rights Movement.
https://goo.gl/lTFG0t -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Sixty black ministers and civil rights leaders met in Atlanta, Georgia in an effort to repeat the successful tactics of the recently ended Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott. Martin Luther King Jr. was chosen as the first president of this new group dedicated to abolishing legalized segregation and ending the disfranchisement of black southerners in a non-violent manner.
It still continues today.
http://goo.gl/LBzJeZ -
Greensboro Sit-In
A non-violent protest by young African-American students at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, sparked a sit-in movement that soon spread to college towns throughout the region. Though many of the protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made an immediate and lasting impact, forcing Woolworth’s and other establishments to change their segregationist policies.
<a href='http://goo.gl/jnmA2S' >http://goo.g -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960. SNCC grew into a large organization with many supporters in the North who helped raise funds to support SNCC's work in the South, allowing full-time SNCC workers to have a $10 per week salary.
http://goo.gl/a2tp2D -
Freeddom Rides
Seven blacks and six whites left Washington, D.C., on two public buses bound for the Deep South. They intended to test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia, which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional.
http://goo.gl/gDd0Gl -
Twenty Fourth Amendment
-Was ratified January 23, 1962
-Prohibitied the federal and state goverments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen can participate in federal election.
-Propsed by the U.S. congress
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Twenty-fourth-Amendment -
Bombing of Birmingham Church
http://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/16th-street-baptist-church.htm
-16th street Baptist church in Birmingham
-4 people died, all little girls
-over 1000 attended funeral, both white and black -
"Letter from Birmingham"
www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/04/martin-luther-kings-letter-from-birmingham-jail/274668/-Written by Martin Luther King
-Republished several months later in The Atlantic as "The Negro Is Your Brother."
-Written by Martin Luther King -
March on Washington
www.history.com/topics/black-history/march-on-washington
-More then 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington D.C
-This march was based to shed light on the Political and social challenges that African continued to face across the country.
-This was also based on jobs and freedom
-Led by Martin Luther King -
Civil Rights Act Passed
-Outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religon, color, or national origin.
-Was a landmark piece of civil rights legislation.
http://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/1964-civil-rights-act.htm -
Mississippi Freedom Summer
-Put an end to the system of rigid segregation
-Eliminated some barriers to voting
-Over 1000 Black State and local elected officals
http://freedom50.org/ -
Malcom X Assassinated
-Was an African American nationalist and religious leader
-Assassinated by rival Black Muslims
-Was adressing organization of Afro-American unity at he Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/malcolm-x-assassinated -
Selma To Montgomery March
-Led by Martin Luther King
-5-day 54 mile march
-Led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the steps of the capitol in Montgormery, Alabama
http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_selma_to_montgomery_march/ -
Voting Rights Act approved
-Signed by President Lyndon Johnson
-Significantly widened the franchise and is considered among the most far reaching peices of civil rights legislation in U.S History
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act -
Black Panthers
-Founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
-Practiced militiant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S gorvernment and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs
https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/ -
King Assassinated
-Was shot in Memphis, Tennessee
-His assassination led to an outpouring of angrey black African Americans
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination
