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Civil War Amendments
(1865-1870) The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution are called the Civil War Amendments. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, and was the first step to equality for African Americans. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to African Americans, whiched granted them equal protectionn under the law. The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. Even with the 15th Amendment many African Americans could not vote because of literacy tests, and poll taxes. -
NAACP
In 1909 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded. The NAACp was founded to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all people and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. The NAACP played a huge role in gaining equality for African Americans in the 1900's. The NAACP is still an active orginization. -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was founded in 1942. CORE played a pivital role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. CORE set up Freedom Rides in 1947. On April 10, 1947 CORE sent 8 white males and 8 African American males on a two week journey to end segregation in interstate travel. The members of this group were jailed many times, but they recieve a great deal of publicity, which led to the start of many similar campaigns. -
Integration in Sports and The Armed Forces
(1974/1949) On April 15, 1947 Jackie Robinson made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut. He was the first African American to play for a major league team. He won Rookie Of The Year Award in 1947, and was the first African American to win MVP. He was ijnducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, and his number, 42, was retired. On July 26, 1948, the Executive Oder 9981 was issued by Harry S. Truman. This ended racial segregation in the armed forces. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Brown v. Board of Education was a court case in which the Supreme Court established seperate schools for African Americans and whites was unconstitutional. Thsi decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson, which allowed segregation in schools. Oliver Brown brought this case upon the court because he felt it was unfair that his daughter had to walk a long way to the black school, while there was a school across the street from their house. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested because she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white person. She was sitting in colored section of the bus, but when 4 whites came onto the bus the driver moved the colored sign back one row. Rosa Parks was tired after a long day at work, and tired of the segregation. She was arrested. This event led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
(December 1, 1955-December 20, 1956) The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest and boycott of the Mongomery Bus Service. African American refused to ride on the busses and had to walk miles to get to work. Many African Americans carpooled. 75% of the bus riders were African americans before the boycott. This event started because of the Arrest of Rosa Parks, and segregation on busses. On December 20, 1956 the Supreme Court ruled laws including segregation to busses was unconstitutional. -
Little Rock Nine
Little Rock Nine was a group of 9 African Americans who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. After the Brown v. Board of Education case the Supreme Court called for desegregation of all schools. The NAACP was tring to get black student to attend former all-white schools. The Little Rock Nine were yelled at, booed at, and people threw things at them and held up racist signs. Many whites didn't want the black students at the school. They were protected by federal gaurds. -
Sit-Ins
The Congress of Racial Equality conducted sit-ins as early as the 1940s. The Greensborro sit-ins were nonviolent protests, in Greensborro, North Carolina. This sit-in ended racial segregation in the Woolworth store. This sit-in consisted of 4 college students sat down at a lunch counter. They bought toothpaste from the desegregated counter at the store, but we refused to be served at the segregated counter.They were asked to leave. Within a few days hundreds of people participated in the sit in. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history. On August 28, 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I Have A Dream" speech, in front of 200,000-300,000 black and white, men and women. The march is credited with helping to pass the Civil Rights Act, and motivated the Selma to Montgomery marches. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by public facilities. This was a huge accomplishment for African Americans and the Civil Rights Movement. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was an African American Museim minister, and a humans rights activist. He was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement, but unlike Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X believed that blacks should seperate from white society. Later in his life he began to follow the ideas of MLK. Malcolm X was assasinated on Febuary 21, 1965 while preparing for a speech in Manhattan. -
The Selma to Mongomery Marches
The Selma to Mongomery marches were marches and protests held in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement.The marches grew out of the voting rights movement in Selma. The first march was stopped by local and state police attacking the protesters. On the second march the people were forced to turn around by police. On the third march the protesters were protected by many government officials and U.S. Army members. -
Watts Riots
The Watts Riots were racial riots that took place in Watts, LA. The riots lasted for 6 days. In these 6 days 34 people were killed, 1032 were injured, 3438 people were arrested, and there was over $40 million of damage. These were the most severe riots in the city's history until 1992. A total of 977 buildings were vandalized. -
Assasination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a leader of the Civil rights Movement. He used civil disobedience, and nonviolent protests to gain rights for African Americans and to end segregation. On April 4, 1968 MArtin Luther King Jr. was shot on the balcony of room 306 in the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. Shortly after the shot was fired witnesses saw James Earl Ray fleeing from the scence. He is the suspected killer, although people have other conspiracys. Throught MLK Jr.'s life he recieve many death threats.
