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Congress of Racial Equality Is Founded
C.O.R.E. was established by James Farmer and was made to embody nonviolent protests and helped launch the first freedom ride.
Civil Rights: Everyones right to social and political freedom. -
Jackie Robinson Hired to Play for the Dodgers
Jackie Robinson: He was the first major league baseball player
-This was also when Football and Baseball started being an integrated sport.
Color Line: A barrier separating blacks and whites by custom, law, and economic stature. -
Executive Order 9981
This established the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Forces.
Segregation: Separating blacks and whites. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
When Rosa Parks sat in front of the bus and wouldn't give up her seat to a white man she was arrested, after this lots of other people got mad and boycotted the buses in Montgomery.
Boycott: Quitting something or refusing to give money to a company or organization.
Rosa Parks: Civil Rights Activist Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus and sparked a National Movement. -
Integration of Central High School.
A federal judge ordered Little Rock Arkansas to desegregate schools, this made a lot of the students and other whites mad.
Little Rock Nine: Nine students that enrolled as the firsts blacks in Central High. -
First Lunch Counter Sit-In
In 1960 four African Americans stopped for lunch at a sit-in counter, but were denied service. The lack of respect given to them started outrage in the Civil Rights movement
Jim Crow Laws: Laws of segregation in public areas and events.
Sit-In: A group of people occupy an area as a form of protest. -
Freedom RIdes
When integration in interstate travel was legal, freedom riders drove busses through the deep south and were met up with violence.
Civil Disobedience: not complying to a certain law as a form of protest.
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. -
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
M.L.K. was put in Birmingham jail and he wrote and explained how Blacks protested segregation, and how it was morally right to disobey unjust laws.
SCLC: M.L.K. was the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) this was an African American civil rights organization. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act, banning discrimination of someone because of there race age or sex.
Plessy V.S. Ferguson: A supreme court case in 1896 that upheld the rights to pass laws to uphold segregation. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act outlaws literacy tests and other things that prohibit blacks from voting.
Disenfranchise: To deprive someone the right to vote. -
Watts Riot
A riot exploded in the Watt ghetto because of police brutality, and frustrations of poverty
Kerner Commission: They concluded that white oppression is what overall caused the Watts riot. -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power: group of activists that were not focused on nonviolent protesting.
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
-The country of Islam and blacks were involved and the group was lead by MalcomX, Huey Newton, Bobby Seale.
-They were okay with violence
-developed a 10 point platform to achieve their goals. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Law that banns discrimination in buying or selling a house.
Discrimination: Giving someone bad treatment because of your prejudicial beliefs. -
Swan v.s. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Edu.
desegregation: ending the separation of people by race
-school and the black students who are being bussed to the school
-bussing is a way for schools to desegregate -
Regents of the University of California V.S. Bakke
A trail that made it to Supreme court, ruling that race may be a factor but not the only criterion.
Desegregation: the joining of blacks in whites, the opposite of segregation. -
Brown V.S. Board of Edu.
The Trial: After the trial segregation in schools was found unconstitutional
Thurgood Marshal:He was Associate Justice in the United States Supreme Court, he's also the NAACP's attorney and he defended Brown. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Malcom X was an advocate for Black Nationalism, which was a doctrine promoted by Islam stating blacks should separate themselves from whites.
Nation of Islam: An organization advocating the teachings of Islam and favors the separation of blacks in the U.S.
Malcom X: A black/muslim politician who was assassinated in 1965.
