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Dred Scott v. Sandford
dred scott was a slave in missouri. he lived in a free state in illinois from 1833 to 1843 where under the missoui compromise of 1820 slavery was forbidden. when he went back to missouri he went to the court and claimed that because he lived in illinois that made him a free man. he lost that case and went to the federal court where he lost the case there by the court determining he could not be an american citized and couldnt sue in a federal court. -
13th Amendment
according to the 13th amendment slavery and involuntary servitude could be allowed. the only case where it would be allowed was if it was a punishment for a crime. it abolished slavery and was approved by President Abraham Lincoln. this is important because it took african americans out of slavery and even though there was still a long way to go to be equal they had gotten one step closer and gained their freedom -
14th Amendment
it states that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law. they also cant deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protecton of the laws. it connects with civil rights because it states how every person gets the same rights and protection and say the word equal. -
15th Amendment
it granted african american men the right to vote. it is significant because it was one step closer for people of color to have more rights than they did before and almost have the same rights and privaleges as white people. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Louisiana enacted the seperate car act which is where seperate railway cars are required for blacks and whites. Homer plessy who was a 7/8 caucasian agreed to in a test to challenge the act and was asked to sit on a white only car even though he was technically black. this law was held as unconstitutional because it imposed racial segregation and the 14th amendment was supposed to establish absolute equality for the races before the law. it is important because it showed once again equality -
19th Amendment
granted women the right to vote. it legally guarantees american women the right to vote. it was a milestone that was achieved after a lengthy and difficult struggle and decades of agitation and protest. it is significant because american women fought for this right because they too deserve a right to vote not just men, and achieving it is a victory. -
Brown v Board of Education
This landmark supreme court case ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconsitutional. it was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement that helped establish the precedent that seperate but equal education and other serviced were not equal at all -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
it prohibited the discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or the national origin. it also prohibits people from hiring, promoting, and firing based on these things. it is important because it ended segregation in public placed and banned discrimination in the work place. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
it outlawed the discrimination in voting practices that had been adopted in the southern states after the civil war. it was to enforce the 15th amendment and was signed into law 95 years after the amendment was ratified. african americans were threatened phycially and feared losing their jobs when they attempted to vote. this law hoped to end that fear and make it equal for them to vote. it is important because it helped take the fear away with doing your duty as a citizen -
Reed v Reed
when the reeds adopted son had pass, and the couple was seperated, they both sought to be named the administrator of their sons estate. mr. reed was appointed administrator so mrs reed challenged the law. it was ruled unconstitutional for the laws dissimilar treatment of men and women and a choice in that contexr can not lawfully be mandated soley on the basis of sex. it is important because it showed women deserve the same as men in the law -
Title IX
schools were still discriminating based on someones gender and this law made it to whereno person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. women wanted the chance to learn what men were also learning and by them being subjected to home ec classes wasnt fair. -
Regents of the university of California v Blake
Allan Bakke had applied twice to the university of california medical school and was rejected both times. the school had reserved 16 placess for qualified minorities in an effort to redress longstanding unfair minority exclusions fromt the medical profession. bakke had exceeded all other minoritiy that had applied and still was rejected. the court ruled yes and no to it violating the 14th amendment with no clear answer -
Americans with Disabilities Act
the americans with disabilities act is a law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. it also requires covered employers to provide resonable accomodations to employees with disabilities. it is important because alot of jobs wouldnt hire someone because of their disability and this law makes it to where everyone has a fair chance of getting a job. -
Obergefell v Hodges
groups of same sex couples sued their state agencies to challenge the ban on sam sex marriage. the court found that a state is required to license a same sex marriage as well as recognize it. this is important because it somewhat lifted this divide and people could more openly express the love they have for their partner and no longer had to hide it. they could solidify their relationship just like anyone else