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13th Amendment
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment has four sections. Section one addresses who is a natural citizen of the United States and what privileges they have. The second section describes representatives and what qualifications they have to have. The third section explains that those who have" engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof" may not be allowed to serve in the government. Section four states that the validity of the public debt may not be questioned -
15th Amendment
This amendment is about voting rights. It states: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This basically gives everyone (except women and children) the right to vote. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Plessy got discriminated aginst on a train cart. The court said that no state law is crater than the constitutional boundrys. He won 7 to 1. The 14th amendment is no baised on race. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were the basis of the "separate but equal" time period. These laws were put into place to separate whites and blacks, but give them equal rights. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees womens right to vote. It reads: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." -
Affirmative Action
To make sure that there is racial equality in the workplace, school, government contracts, and public places. No discriminationation is aloud baised on color. -
Korematsu V. United States
The United States gave military authority to the right to exsclude japanise of the american decent. The court sided 6 to 3 for the United states. -
Sweatt V. painter
Sweatt was denighed his application because of his race. He took his case to court and they sided with him. They said that everyone shall have an equal opertunity. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Equal rights protection because even though the schools where the same. Studies show that minoritys with segregated education grow up feeing inferier. Brown won votes 9 to 0. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was triggered by the arrest of Rosa Parks. Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man, resulting in her arrest. Following this, blacks began what would be a 13-month protest of the Montgomery Bus System. -
Poll Taxes
Poll Tax - a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources. Poll Taxes were used in the south as "loophole" to the 14th amendment. They were basically used for the sole reason of keeping blacks from voting. Poll taxes were made illegal with the ratification of the 24th amendment -
Literacy Tests
Literacy tests were another strategy used to try to keep blacks from voting. These tests were extremely difficult. Many people today cannot pass this test. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges is known to be the first black child to attend an all white school. She attended William Frantz elementary school in New Orleans. Bridges was one of only six children that passed the test to determine if they could go to the all white school or not. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment ended poll taxes. It reads: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax." This is important because everyone is supposed to have the right to vote, even those who are poor. -
Civil RIghts Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a revolutionary piece of legslation. It ultimately abolished discrimination onthe basis of race or color. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited racial discrimination in voting. It was designed to enforce the voting rights established by the 14th and 15th amendments. -
Loving V. Virginia
Mildred Jeter(black) and Richard Loving (white) got married in the district of clumbia. When they came back to Virginia, they where thrown in jail for 25 years. Loving got all 9 votes because under the 14th amendment, he had equal rights. -
Robert Kennedy Speech
Kennedy had been campaigning to win the 1968 democratic presidential nomination when he learned that Martin Luther King Jr. had been shot. Upon news of his death, Kennedy gave a speech in Indianapolis, IN. -
Reed v. Reed
Men where above woman. When they adopted son died the man was apointed. The woman faught for her equal rights in court. she won seven to none. -
Equal Rights Amendment
Equality no matter sex. Congress can Enforce the previsions of the article. Amendments will take in place two yearsafter ratification. -
Regents of the university of California V. Bakke
35 year old man was racially discriminated aginst. He could not get into a college, even though he had the best grades out of the majority of students. He won 5 to 4. -
Bowers V. Hardwick
Police watched bowers comit a sexual act in his home with another man. He got arrested and he went to court for due prossess. He won 5 to 4. -
Americans Disabilitys Act
Prevents Discrimination in jobs for people who have disabilities. -
Lawrence V. Texas
Two men got walked in on and arrested during a sexual act. They went to court for the law going agienst his due prossess. He won 6 to 3. -
Fisher V. Texas
Texas was using race on college admitions as a way to create diverity. There was no proof that there was racism so the texas University won. -
Indiana Gay rights Battle
Gay marrage was banned, but then they unbanned it. they have been back and forth on it. no dissision has been made yet on weather homosexuals can marry.
