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Plessy v. Fergusson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". Homer Plessy was a 1/8th black man who tried sitting in the white cart in a train. he got arrested and that is how this court case started. it let to the years-long segregation of blacks and whites -
Formation of NAACP
NAACP is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States. W.E.B. DuBois was one of the founding members. It was formed after the Race Riot of 1908 in Springfield, Illinois. this movement has been a big player in the civil rights movement and has caused a lot of integration -
The Congress of Racial Equality is formed
The Congress of Racial Equality is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Among the founding members were James L. Farmer, Jr., George Houser, James R. Robinson, Samuel E. Riley, Bernice Fisher, Homer Jack, and Joe Guinn. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois. It was created to make a change in equality for blacks. It helped organize protests that helped the movement -
Desegregation of the Military
Executive Order 9981 was an executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces. this was done as an attempt to end racial discrimination. It let to the end of racial segregation in the military -
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Brown v Board of Education
This was a court case about segregation in schools. On one side was Oliver Brown and on the other side was the board of education of Topeka. it happened in Topeka, Kansas. it was caused because Browns daughter wasn't allowed at the all white school. it caused intergration in schools -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It started because Rosa Parks, a black woman, refused to give up her seat in a bus to a white man. About 40000 African Americans started boycotting the system. it helped launch nationwide actions to end racial segregation -
The Murder of Emmett Till
Emmet Till was a 14-year-old boy and African American. he was from Chicago but was visiting his family in Mississippi. there, he allegedly flirted with a white woman. because of this, the white woman's husband and son brutally killed him at the Tallahatchie River. His mom let his body get buried in an open casket so that everyone could see how he got killed. this led to anger in the civil rights movement -
Rosa Parks gets arrested
Rosa Parks refused to give her bus seat to a white man and she got arrested for this. Rosa Parks was an African American woman who got awards for what she did, including the NAACP. This happened in Montgomery, Alabama. She did this because she did not agree with current laws and this was a small way of protesting. this event led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott -
Little Rock Nine
nine black students were allowed to go to an all-white school. 9 high school students and Little Rock Central High School were involved. It happened in Little Rock, Arkansas. this happened after the governor called out the schools. it caused more segregation in high schools -
Greensboro Sit-Ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960. Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Joseph McNeil were the first ones who started the sit in. the sit ins happened at the Woolworth's warehouse. it started because the four college students were denied service and because of the racial segregation. it ultimately led to the warehouse removing it's policy of racial segregation -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia and Boynton v. Virginia, which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.. it took place in Southern United States, First Baptist Church, Parchman Farm and Jackson, Mississippi and it was led by Fred Shuttlesworth. it led to the end of racial segregation in public transport -
Martin Luther King Jr's "I have a dream" speech
"I Have a Dream" is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. it took place in Washington DC at the Lincoln Memorial. it happened because after a 100 years of freedom, the blacks weren't really free yet. The speech was a defining moment of the civil rights movement -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. it was enacted by the 88th Congress. it was caused by the civil rights movement of the 50s and 60s. it ended legal segregation -
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer, or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi. The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations. it happened, because in 1962, 5.3% of African Americans are registered to vote in Mississippi. it helped creating the Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
24th Amendment
this is the abolition of poll taxes. this helped the blacks in the south against the Jim Crow Laws. it was created because of these laws and because of this amendment blacks were able to vote -
Selma March
this march was from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama. It was led by Martin Luther King. The marches were organized as a protest against the discrimination of Blacks. It directly led to the passing of the Voting RIghts act of 1965 -
Malcolm X is assassinated
Malcolm X, a black Muslim leader, gets assassinated because of his views regarding the Islam. he got assassinated in New York City, New York by a member of the Nation of Islam, who Malcolm X had parted with because of conflicting views. The man killed him because of his different opinion about the Islam. it caused more anger with Malcolm X's organization -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. This act was enacted by the 89th Congress. this act was created because of all the protests in southern America by the blacks. It made it possible for the blacks to vote in the south -
Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination
Martin Luther King Jr. gets shot on his hotel balcony in Memphis, Tennessee. He was shot by James Earl Ray. he shot King because he did not agree with his point. this led to anger in the civil rights movement -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin. it was enacted by the 90th Congress. It was created after MLK jr. got assassinated because the president was pressuring Congress after the incident. Now, people from all races and religions got a fair treatment regarding housing. It was meant as a follow up to the act of 1964 -
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Boston Busing
This is the desegregation of Boston Public Schools. Boston Public schools were under court control. W. Arthur Garrity Jr. laid out a plan for compulsory busing of students, black and white. It happened in Boston, Massachusetts. A cause was the call for segragation. One of the effects was the decline of public school enrolment