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Thirteenth Amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
Fourteenth Amendment
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States -
Fifteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race or gender. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". -
Nation of Islam is founded
African American political and religious movement -
CORE is founded
The Congress of Racial Equality is an African-American civil rights organization by James Farmar. -
Malcolm Little was arrested and prison time
Malcolm was sentenced to 10 years in prison, although he was granted parole after serving seven years. -
Jackie Robinson joins MLB
28-year-old Jackie Robinson made his Major League Baseball debut with the Dodgers -
"Bull" Connor and Birmingham, Alabama protest
walked out of the 1948 convention in protest of civil rights platforms -
Executive Order 9981
It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
the segregation of seperating the two races to go to different schools. -
Murder of Emmitt Till
African-American teenager who was lynched in Mississippi at the age of 14 in 1955 after being falsely accused of flirting with a white woman -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation -
Southern Manifesto
a document written in February and March 1956, in opposition to racial integration of public places. -
SCLC is founded
which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr, had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
primarily a voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. -
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Greensboro Sit-ins
four African American college students sat down at a lunch counter at Woolworth's in Greensboro -
SNCC is founded
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was one of the most important organizations of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker -
Ruby Bridges
the first black child to desegregate the all-white William Frantz Elementary School -
Freedom Rides
a group of 13 African-American and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. -
James Meredith and intergration of Ole Miss
In late September 1962, after a legal battle, an African-American man named James Meredith attempted to enroll at the University of Mississippi. -
Letter from Birmingham Jail
It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come through the courts. -
Murder of Medgar Evers
American civil rights activist from Mississippi who worked to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi and to enact social justice and voting rights. -
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
more than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., for a political rally known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom -
Bombing of 16th S Baptist Church
The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was an act of white supremacist terrorism -
Murder of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner
three civil rights workers were abducted and murdered in an act of racial violence -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Freedom Summer
aimed at dramatically increasing voter registration in Mississippi -
Malcolm X was assassinated
one week after his home was firebombed, Malcolm X was shot to death by Nation of Islam members while speaking at a rally -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote -
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Watts Riots
an African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving, which started riots -
Executive Order 11246
established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors. -
Black Panthers are founded
revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in October 1966. -
Stokley Carmichael and "black power'
U.S. civil-rights activist who in the 1960s originated the black nationalism rallying slogan, “black power.” -
Loving v. Virgina
is a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court -
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Newark and Detroit Race Riots
major civil disturbance that occurred in the city of Newark -
Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike
poor pay and dangerous working conditions, and provoked by the crushing to death of workers -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin and sex. -
Tommie Smith and John Carlos black power Olympic salute
The 1968 Olympics Black Power salute was a political demonstration conducted by African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal awarding -
Kerner Commision
The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, known as the Kerner Commission after its chair, Governor Otto Kerner, Jr. of Illinois -
Bloody Sunday
when British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a peaceful protest march against internment.
