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Dred Scott v. Sandford
The U.S. Supreme Court stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the federal government or the courts. -
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery -
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the US -
15th Amendment
granted African American men to vote -
Period: to
Jim Crow Era
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Plessy v. Ferguson
A fight in the supreme court the questioned the separate but equal that upheld state-imposed Jim crow laws -
19th amendment
Woman's suffrage rights -
brown v. board of education
delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin -
Voting rights act of 1965
banned the use of literacy tests, provided for federal oversight of voter registration in areas where less than 50 percent of the non-white population had registered to vote, and authorized the U.S. attorney general to investigate the use of poll taxes in state and local elections. -
Affirmative action
President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246, prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin by those organizations receiving federal contracts and subcontracts. -
Reed v. Reed
marked the first time in history that the Court applied the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to strike down a law that discriminated against women. -
Equal rights amendment
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regents of the university of California v. Bakke
a university's admissions criteria which used race as a definite and exclusive basis for an admission decision violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
the Court considered whether a person had a Constitutional right to engage in homosexual sex. In this case, Georgia passed a statute criminalizing both oral and anal sex. -
Americans with disabilities act
increases access and opportunity for people with disabilities across community life, including employment. -
motor voter act
sets forth certain voter registration requirements with respect to elections for federal office. -
Lawrence v. Texas
a Texas statute criminalizing intimate, consensual sexual conduct was a violation of the Due Process Clause. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
a lawsuit challenging the state's refusal to recognize same-sex marriage on death certificates