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Poll Taxes
People had to pay poll taxes to cast a ballot and vote for a canditate. This restricted many american-africans to vote because the majority of the community was poor and could not afford to pay. -
13th Amendment
This amendment established a pivoting point in American History. This began the road to equality for African-Americans. -
14th Amendment
14th amendment states : No state shall deny any person, equal protection of the law. This amendment was made so everyone , no matter what race. will have the united states protection. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment granted people the right to vote without discrimination of race, color, or sex. This gave the african-americans mare rights. -
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow Laws were racial segregational laws. These laws legally limited the rights of blacks through loopholes. These laws were genrally implements in the souhtern states that favored slavery. -
Literacy Test
Government practice of testing the literacy of potential citizens at the federal level, and potential voters at the state level. Make sure they know how to speek and use basic skills to survive in our country. -
Plessy Vs Ferguson
United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". No longer can bathrooms , restraunts, etc be segregated. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. This amendment was a major pivotal point in american history. The society has begun to change and norms are revolutionizing. -
Korematsu vs United States
Case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. This put japanese into camps, and was a big lesson the US learned not to do. -
Sweatt v. Painter
Sweat v Painter was a case brought to the Supreme Court that challenged the "equal but seperate" doctrine. A african american by the name of Heman Sweatt was refused when apllied for admission for the School of Law of the University of Texas. During this time, Texas refused any african americans in their School of Law. After Sweatt won the case, Texas was told that they must also admit african-americans. -
Brown vs Board of Education
US Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. Schools could no longer segregate. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges was an african-american activist known for being the first african-american that attended an all white elementary school. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign lasted from December 1, 1955 to December 20, 1956. -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
It was used to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of civil rights legislation ever enacted in the country -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action helped/guaranteed blacks to be enrolled into universities and colleges. The College Board could not discriminate against, race, creed or sex. This helped the african-american commnuity obtain a higher education. -
Loving v, Virginia
Loving v. Virginia was a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage. The case was brought by Mildred Loving, a black woman, and Richard Loving, a white man, who had been sentenced to a year in prison in Virginia for marrying each other.The Supreme Court's unanimous decision held this prohibition was unconstitutional -
Robert F. Kennedy Speech Indianapolis following MLK's death
Kennedy;s speech was given in Indianapolis Indiana, following MLK's death. He informed americans that most of whom ididn't know of MLK's assasination yet. Instead of an expecyted uplifting speech, Kennedy said a lot of heart felt words that became one of todays most known speechs. -
Reed v Reed
Reed v Reed was an equal protection case brought to the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. -
Regents of the Univ. of California vs Rakke
It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. Making sure discrimination was a cause of denial to admission in any university. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This amendment passed by congress allowed women to have equal rights, and no matter what those rights would be protected. Women would now have the right to vote, etc. -
Bowers v Hardwick
Bowers v Hardwick is a United States Supreme Court decision, overturned in 2003, that upheld, in a 5–4 ruling, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing oral and anal sex in private between consenting adults when applied to homosexuals. -
Americans with Disability Act
The Americans with Disabilty Act gave the handicapped equal opportunity for employment. This changed the labor system in a positive manner. -
Lawrence vs Texas
This case made same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory. But eventually was overruled. Today people are still trying to pass this law for same sex marriage in every state. -
Fisher vs Texas
This case concerning the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Texas at Austin. The Supreme Court voided the lower appellate court's ruling in favor of the University and remanded the case. -
Indiana Gay's Right Court Battle
Indiana is urging the Supreme Court to legalize gay-marriage. The decision of banning gay-marriage was overturned and Indiana shall legalize ga marriage. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act f 1964 outlawed any discrimination on race, color, sex or national origin. It ended unequal voter registration requirements and any public accomodations.
