Civil rights

*Plessy v. Ferguson

May 18, 1896

~Supreme Court case which established separate but equal & led to Jim Crow laws
~Judge John H., Jim Crow car
~At the Supreme Court
~It made separate but equal.
~The blacks were allowed but they weren't welcomed and that caused conflict.

*Formation of the NAACP

Feb 12, 1909

~The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B
~African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, and Moorfield Storey.
~New York City

*The congress of Racial Equality

1942

~created during WWII, civil rights organization which first used sit-ins to desegregate lunch counters, also organized freedom rides with SNCC
~James L. Farmer, Jr., George Houser, James R. Robinson, Samuel E. Riley, Bernice Fisher, Homer Jack, and Joe Guinn.
~Chicago

Black power

1943

militant slogan for immediate equality coined by Stokely Carmichael prior to joining the Black Panthers

*Brown v. Board of ed

1945

~Supreme Court case which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and ordered schools to be integrated
~1952-1954
~Earl Warren
~Topeka
~It helped the black kids get into school with the white kids, and they did but they weren't nessesarly welcomed so it was basically seperate but equal.

*Desegregation of the Military

Jul 26, 1948

~President Harry S. Truman signed this executive order establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military.
~faced a multitude of problems and allowed Congress to terminate the FEPC.

*Little Rock Nine

1950

~First group of students to desegregate Central High in defiance of the governor
~nine African American students
~Little Rock Central High School, Arkansas
~Challenged racial segregation in the public schools of Little Rock.

Thurgood Marshall

1950

NAACP attorney who argued for desegregation in Brown v. Board of Education

Jim crow laws

1952

Southern laws which separated the races after Plessy v. Ferguson

NAACP

1954

oldest civil rights organization which worked for equality through court cases

Rosa Parks

1955

NAACP secretary who prompted the Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to give up her seat in 1955

Orval Faubus

1955

Arkansas governor who defied the Supreme Court until Eisenhower sent in paratroopers to enforce desegregation

*Emmett Till

1955

~Emmett Louis Till was a 14-year-old African-American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955 after a white woman said she was offended by him in her family's grocery store
~He was killed on August 28th, 1955.
~Just because he was a black boy who was being nice to the white woman.
~He was murdered in Mississippi
~This caused protests, etc. because they killed a young little black boy.

*Montgomery Bus Boycott

1955

~The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement.

*Southern Christian Leadership Conference is formed

1957

~civil rights organization devoted to achieving equality through non-violent civil disobedience
~Atlanta, Georgia
~sixty black ministers and civil rights leaders, MLKJ, etc.
~It was a effort to replicate the successful strategy and tactics of the recently concluded Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott.

*MLKJ

1960

~pastor & civil rights leader who led SCLC and organized non-violent protests throughout the south.
~created the "I have a dream speech" in 1964, was delivered at the march on washington was going on
~Was assassinated in 4/4/1968, Memphis, TN, because he stood up for his rights.

*Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee is formed

1960

~Student-created & led civil right organization that worked for desegregation through sit-ins, freedom rides, & civil disobedience
~The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee of the 1960s. It emerged from the first wave of student sit-ins and formed at an April 1960 meeting organized by Ella Baker at Shaw University.
~It helped announce the civil rights movement.

*Nashville sit-ins

May 10, 1960

~The Nashville sit-ins, which lasted from February 13 to May 10, 1960, were part of a nonviolent direct action campaign to end racial segregation at lunch counters
~Nashville
~The Nashville Christian Leadership Council, etc
~It helped the blacks have more rights and helped them be able to eat and sit inside a dinner that also served white people to.

*Freedom Riders

1961

~Early 60s movement by SNCC & CORE members to desegregate buses in the South
~Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions
~Morgan v. Virginia and Boynton v. Virginia

'63 march on washington

1963

civil rights event which led to the creation of the Civil Rights Act of '64

*Freedom Summer

1964

~event organized by SNCC to register voters in MS
~Freedom Summer was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi, part of a larger effort by civil rights groups such as the Congress on Racial Equality and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee to expand black voting in the South.

*Civil Rights act of '64

Jul 2, 1964

~Law signed by LBJ which ordered desegregation of all public facilities
~1964
~President Lyndon B. Johnson, Martin Luther King, Jr., Dorothy Height, Roy Wilkins, John Lewis, and other civil rights leaders
~Landmark

*Malcolm X begins leading the Nation of Islam

1965

~As Malcolm X led a mass rally in Harlem on February 21, 1965, rival Black Muslims gunned him down. Although his life was ended, the ideas he preached lived on in the Black Power Movement. On February 27, 1946, Malcolm began serving a prison term in Charlestown, Massachusetts.

*The Voting Rights Act '65

1965

~A law signed by LBJ, it outlawed literacy tests & allowed federal officials to oversee registration
~ The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
~It made sure that blacks had the right to vote, and helped them gain more respect and rights.

*Race Riots in Watts and other cities

Aug 11, 1965

~Riots in LA which occurred because of police brutality & prejudice
~Los Angeles
~Detroit Riots, the Newark Riots, and other violence, General Philip Sheridan, Nixion, and others
~The riots were blamed principally on police racism. It was the city's worst unrest until the Rodney King riots of 1992.

Civil Rights act of '68

1968

law signed by LBJ which made it illegal to discriminate in selling.renting homes

*Boston Busing

1974

~The desegregation of Boston public schools was a period in which the Boston Public Schools were under court control to desegregate through a system of busing students.
~1974-1988
~Stanley Forman
~Boston

*Rodney King Trail

Apr 29, 1992

~The jury acquitted three of the officers but could not agree on one of the charges against Powell. Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley said, "The jury's verdict will not blind us to what we saw on that videotape. The men who beat Rodney King do not deserve to wear the uniform of the LAPD."
~There were lots of protest but in the end, The was offered money as a sorry note because he was part of the gov't.