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Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka
This Was A 1954 Supreme Crout case. Thurgood Marshall was a plaintiff as the head of NAACP legal defense Lyndon B. Johnson Appointed Marshall of being the first black Supreme Court Justice. Earl Warren was the governor of California Warren said “in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place,” as segregated schools are “inherently unequal.” The Justice ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools as unconstitutional. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks a civil rights activist. After a long day of work Parks took a went on the Montgomery fair department, a bus company. All of the seats in the white section were taken up, a white man had no seat. The bus driver told a row of the black section to move so he could sit down. The three black listened but Rosa Parks didn't listen to the bus driver and said "I don't think I should have to stand up". Then two cops stopped the bus and then arrested Rosa Parks and placed in custody. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
President Eisenhower signed a Civil Right act in 1957. It helped to protect voters right. This allowed Federal prosecution of those who suppress another's voting rights. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges was the only one out of the six students that were supposed to enroll in the white school. Rudy's first-day of school she was escorted by four federal marshals. She spent most of her day in the principal's office because white kid's parents came to remove their children. She was the only kid in her class. She was escorted by the four marshals to and from school because they didn't want her to see the angry racist crowds. At the end of the year, more blacks enrolled in the school. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom riders were groups of African Americans protesting against segregated bus terminals. They would try to use the whites-only bathrooms, and lunch counter in Alabama. John Lewis one of the original freedom riders, member of the SNCC. 13 people got on a bus to go to the New Orleans, To celebrate the seven-year anniversary of the Browns vs Boards decision. On their way in Rock Hill, South Carolina. John Lewis attacked a WW2 veteran named Albert Bigelow, in a whites-only waiting area. -
March to Washington
250,000 people came to Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC. They did it for jobs and freedom. A. Philip Randolph planned this march. he planned it for jobs, Marther Luther King Jr, and the SCLC (Southern Christain Leadership Conference). Two groups merged and made a huge group, to meet here speakers. Some speakers who spoke were NAACP president Roy Wilkins, John Lewis student of SNCC, Dasiy Lee Bates, and the famous MLK Jr. Some musicians played like Bob Dylan, Marian Anderson, and Joan Baez. -
I have a dream speech
Martin Luther King Jr was a Baptist minister and a social activist. Luther spoke to 250,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial and gave one of the most famous speeches in history. His speech was a call for African Americans freedom. King used Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg address as a reference for part of his speech, and the Emancipation Proclamation. People thought it was very encouraging. MLKJ won a Noble Peace prize in 1964. They also thought that it helped pass the Civil Rights Act in 1964. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
President Lyndon B. Johnson Signed a Civil Rights act in 1964. This act ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination. People had to be treated equally even if they had a different race, color, religion, sex, or origin. The Jim Crow laws helped them with the act. President John F. Kennedy was the one who proposed this act, but Johnson signed it. One person tried to sabotage this bill. In later years Congress expanded the act to change voting rights in 1965. -
Selma to Montgomery March
Selma to Montgomery March was a series of protests in 1965 in Alabama. Protester march a 54-mile route from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery. The protesters were protected by federalized National Guard troops. Martin Luther King Jr was in the march. it was to raise awareness for the difficulties for black voters. As a result of two percent about 300 out of 15,000 of Selma's black voters managed to register their votes. -
Martin Luther King Jr assassinated
Martin Luther King Jr was assassinated. He was shot standing on a balcony in a hotel in Memphis. He was in Memphis because he was going to support sanitation workers strike. James Earl Ray pleaded guilty to the murder of MLKJ, he was sentenced to 99 years in prison. His death caused a lot of riots. President Johnson declared a national day of mourning. -
Barbara C. Jordan
Barbara C. Jordan a Texan congresswoman. She was the first African-American Congressional representative from the South. She was the first black women to be elected for the Texas state senate. She was a member of the House Judiciary Committee. She gave an influential opening speech of Richard Nixon’s 1974 impeachment hearings. She retired after three terms of Congress. -
Thomas Bradley
Thomas Bradey was the mayor of Los Angeles, the first African American mayor who served five terms as the mayor of Los Angeles. Bradley was in charge of making sure that the 1984 Olympic games were in Los Angeles. The Los Angeles riot of 1992, the beating of Rodney King. Five days of beating more then 50 people were killed. Bradley was criticized for his failure and didn't want to serve another term. -
Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali was an African American heavyweight boxer. He was an Olympic gold medalist. He won 56 times in his 21-year professional career. he was outspoken on issues like race and religion. he was awarded the presidential medal of freedom. A 60 million dollar Muhammad Ali center, a museum focusing on peace and social responsibly. -
Miss America
Vanessa Williams was the first African American women to win the crown of Miss America. She was later resigned from miss America for bad photos leaked. She later wanted to pursue being an actress and a singer, being successful. She was on the sitcom Ugly Betty. She also came up with the soundtrack for the movie Pocahontas. She earned a Tony Award nomination for her looks in 2002 into the woods. -
Martin Luther King Jr day
President Ronald Reagan signed a bill so that we have a federal holiday day honoring MLKJ. It is on the third Monday of January, which is around his birthday. MLKJ accomplished a lot in his life. He was in a lot of civil rights movements. the most famous for his speech "I have a dream". This federal holiday represents that African American lives have changed. From slavery to discrimination and then to none of that. Now there are national days to celebrate, and the whole month of February. -
Aretha Frankiln
Aretha Franklin was the first African American women to be put in the rock and roll hall of fame. She Also got a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005. She also has a documentary called Amazing Grace made in 2018. She has inspired so many African Americans and their music styles. -
Ruby Bridges movie
Disney made a movie based off of Ruby Bridges and how she was was part of the civil rights. It is called Ruby Bridges, written by Toni Ann Johnson. This movie shows how African Americans during the civil rights. It helped African Americans realize that it is okay to go to a white school. After the school year, more black people joined Ruby's school. It affected African Americans in a big way, by opening variety to more schools. -
Million Man March
About 400,000 to 1 million people were estimated for this gathering. this march was organized by Louis Farrakhan, a leader of the nation of Isalm. This march was to bring spiritual renewal that would instill a sense of personal responsibility in African American men, for improving the condition of African Americans. Jesse Jackson and Rosa Parks had spoken at this event. -
Rosa Parks Medal of Freedom
President Bill Clinton Awarded Rosa Parks a Medal of Freedom. the Medal of Freedom is the highest honor any civilian can be given by the government. -
Barack Obama
Barack Obama was the first African American president ever elected, he still is the only one. Before being the president he as the senator of Illinois. He also was the first president to be elected who was born outside of the continental United States, he was born in Hawaii. This was good for African Americans showing that they can get any job or career that they want.
