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13th Amendment
Made slavery illegal -
DeJure/DeFacto Segreation
1860's to 1960's
Racial segregation that happens in areas especially public by school by choice rather than by choice. segregated in fact (de facto), although not by law (de jure). -
14th Amendment
No state can create or enforce a law that takes away rights of United States citizens.They also cannot deny citizens of life,liberty, or property without due process of law.Nor discriminate any person against the law. -
15th Amendment
The right of a United States citizen to vote cannot be denied by any state or the United States due to race,color, or because they were a slave in the past. -
Jim Crow
(1877-1950s)
Laws mainly in the Southern states implemented to racially segregate African Americans. These laws prohibited African Americans from entering many restaurants, drinking from certain water fountains, and using certain restrooms among many other things. -
Poll Taxes
(1889-1910) This was a for the south to get around the 14th amendment and make it so that African Americans are unable/impossible to vote. While it was still legal until the 24th amendment is fell out of practice until the mid 20th century -
Literacy Tests
(1890's-1910) This was when the South used tests to make it so that African Americas were unable to vote. The did this by having unfair/ bias grading that made it impossible for them to pass or didn't even have an actual test and had some other way to make it impossible for them to pass and have the right to vote -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This case upheld racial segregation laws for public places in the "separate but equal" quote. This caused more legislation based on race to be passed until the court case of Brown v Board of Education almost 70 years later -
19th Amendment
Made it legal for women to vote in the United States. -
Korematsu V United States
The court said that order 9066 which put a lot of Japanese-American into camps to keep them under watch was okay and not discriminatory against them. This caused a lot of pain for the these people and years lost that they never got back. The people were not treated well either and that caused this court case to be even worse than it was -
Sweatt v. Painter
This case challenged the famous "separate but equal" ruling. Sweatt was denied entrance to the University of Texas Law School simply because he is African American. The court ended up ruling in favor of Sweatt. -
Brown V. Board of Education
This court case unanimously voted to overturn the Plessy v Ferguson case know for its "separate but equal" clause. This case helped to break down the state segregation and helped to keep the civil rights movement going strong and helped it to gain steam. -
Montogomery Bus Boycott
From December 5th 1955- December 20th 1956 African Americans refused to ride the buses in Montgomery Alabama in order to protest the segregated seating on buses. This was in protest of Rosa Parks being arrested for not yielding her seat to a white man. In reposes the Supreme Court made the city integrate the bus system and Martin Luther King Jr. became a major leader in the civil rights movement -
Affirmative Action
The action favoring or supporting those who tend to suffer from discrimination. Especially discrimination in relation to employment and education. -
JFK address to the Nation on Civil Rights
In response to racial tension and violence on the campus of University of Alabama President Kennedy asks Congress to enact legislation to help protect them. When Kennedy was assassinated later that year the Voting Rights Act was soon followed as "Kennedy's dying wish" -
24th Amendment
The right to vote in any United States presidential election, presidential primary,or Senator or Representative in Congress cannot be denied due to failing to pay poll taxes or any other tax. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination based on race,color,region,or nation origin. Was one of the biggest and first legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Overcame legal barriers both state and local that prevented African Americans from voting. They did this so that African American males could excise their rights under the 15th amendment. -
Robert Kennedy speech in Indianapolis upon death of MLK
Robert Kennedy was in Indiana for campaign rallies. Prior to boarding a plane to a rally in Indianapolis Kennedy was informed MLK had been shot. When he arrived to the rally he was told MLK had died. Instead of giving a campaign speech like many expected Kennedy instead talked about peace. This is considered one of the greatest public adresses of the modern era. -
Reed v. Reed
This court case marked the first time the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause was used to put down a law that discriminated against women. This case was brought up when the son a single mother passed away and her ex-husband took out a will on the child. The mother filed a petition to be appointed administrator of his estate since she was the one mostly raising him, the father put in a rival application. The court ruled in favor of the mother in this case. -
Equal Rights Amendment
Made it so that civil rights could not be discriminated to one due to their race. Women now started working jobs that previously were male dominated. Women were now not just house wives they were now in the work force. -
Title IX
Title IX says that educational institutes that receive federal funding can't discriminate based on sex. This can also extend to sexual harassment and and sexual violence -
Regents of the University of California V Bakke
This case ruled that race is allowed to be one of the factors that can be used to determine in the college admission policy. But, having racial quotas was not allowed. This was because it seemed to be giving the minority the edge because there was always going to be that many minorities in the program even if those people were not as ready or didn't have the same skills that other non-minority people had that didn't get into the university. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
This case was brought up when a Georgia police officer observed Hardwick participating in homosexual sodomy with another adult the Georgia police offer charged him because this was against the state law. Hardwick claimed that the Constitution protects such acts. However the court ruled that there is nothing in the Constitution that protects such acts therefore states could make outlaw homosexual practices. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act prohibited discrimination against Americans with disabilities. Discrimination against a disabled person is illegal in employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and government activities. The effects of this included wheel chair rails having to be added to many government buildings and wheel chair lifts added to many public buses. -
Lawrence V Texas
This court case got rid of a Texas law that made it illegal for same-sex couples to engage in sexual activity. This in turn made it easier for same-sex couples to have a better overall life. It also overturned the court case Bowers V Hendricks. -
Fisher v. Texas
This case was brought up when a Texas college decided to take race into factor when accepting students. The court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause does permit the consideration of race in undergrad admission deadlines. However, it only does under a standard of strict judicial scrutiny. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
This case was brought up when a multitude of same sex marriage groups challenged Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee ban on same sex marriage. They claimed that this ban violated the Equal Protection Clause and Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The court ruled in favor of these groups saying that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment gives the right to marry no matter if the couple is of same sex or different sexes. Therefor legalizing same sex marriages.
