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Poll Taxes and Literacy Tests
Poll taxes were created in Jim Crow south in order to prevent african americans from voting. They are a tax on voting, That prevented anyone who couldn't pay, couldn't vote.
Literacy tests prevented african americans, native americans and some poor white people from voting. Their intent was to disenfranchise minorty voters and it worked well. -
13th Amendment
The thirteenth amendment, proposed by James Ashley, prohibts slavery and involuntary servitude except in cases of punishment. This amendment was passed after the civil war in order to get rid of slavery permenately America. This law applies not only to the government but also citizens. -
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Civil Rights
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14th Amendment
The 14th amendment reguards the issues of Equal Rights. In section one this amendment is the Due Process Clause and states that the Government cannot deprive someone of their life liberty or property without due process. Section 2 deals with the requirement for some one to be a member of congress and representitives. Section 4 deals with debt and the section 5 gives congress enforcement power. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment made it so that all men could vote reguardless of race or religion. And there were absolutlely no problems or loopholes that were exploited in order to prevent minorities from voting. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crows laws created the "seperate but equal" rule by which segregation was legal and viewed as okay because of the equality. The main problem with Jim Crow was the facilities were not equal. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
This landmark case instituded the seperate but equal methodology. This allowed facilities and resourses to be segregated as long as they were "equal". This case started started segregation in America. -
19th Amendment
This amendment introduced women's sufferage or right to vote. The amendment was first drafted in 1878 by womens rights activists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton who were integral to equal rights for women. -
Sweatt vs. Painter
This case sucessfully challenged Plessy vs. Ferguson and ended segregation by verifying that facilities were not equal. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This was a landmark case which overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson, by determining that the ruling was unconstitutioonal on the basis that the facilities were very much unequal. As a result, de jure racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The montgomery bus boycott started when Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white male. This sparked a fervor in the civil rights activists and caused significant change in the battle for equality. -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges was the first African American to attend an all white school and her achievement was a major mile marker for equal rights for all. -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment bans the act of implementing poll taxes on state and federal elections. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was a major piece of legislation that created the requirement for schools to integrate and helps with voting for african americans and integrated workplaces. -
Loving vs Virginia
The supreme court's ruling in this case ruled that banning interracial marrige was uncontstitutional and nulled all laws stating otherwise. -
Reed vs Reed
This case involved discrimination based on gender, Idaho code that stated that land should be given to men was ruled unconstitutional because it violates the 14th amendment. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This amendment is very brief and states "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." it also states that congress can enforce this and this will take effect in 2 years. -
Regents of the University of California vs Bakke
This landmark case introduced affirmitive action in order to combat the South's opposition to integration after multiple attempts to circumvent it. -
Lawrence vs. Texas
This case is one of the first gay rights case as with the supreme courts ruling, sodomy laws were struck down. This ruling struck down the ruling from Bowers vs. Hardwick (1986). -
Fisher vs Texas
This case involved 2 white students suing Univerity of Texas at Austin because they believe that they were denied addmittance because of their race. The supreme court ruled -
Affirmative Action
Where a government favors a culture that may be sujected to discrimination. This was determined unconstitutional by the supreme court in Lawence vs. Texas.
