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Period: to
Civil Rights
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Slave Trade Banned
Congress banned slave trade -
Missouri Compromise
-when a state enters the union there must be one slave state and one free state
-missouri wanted to enter as a slave state
-would unbalance the powers between the free and slave states
-compromise when a free state enters there must be a slave state, viceversa
-began to make people question the practices of slavery and other discriminations -
American Anti-Slavery Society
Garrison,newspaper editor founded the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)
-he left later -
Cady + Mott
-first women's rights convention
-both genders attended
-voting rights
-equal oppotunities
-moral codes
-divorce rules (not good for women)
-economic opportunities
-educational opportunities (getting an upper education)The suffragettes conclude this as the 1st wave of feminism
Everything was passed except voting rights -
Garrison leaves
Garrison and Frederick Douglass left the American Anti-slavery Society when it refused to allow women to participate -
First Woman's Rights Convention
300 men and women attended
Seneca Falls, NY
-attratced a lot of attention
-called for a change of moral codes, etc
(see Cady and Mott) -
"Ain't I a woman"
1851
Akron, Ohio
former slave, Sojourner Truth
famous speech calling on women to recognize the plight of their black sisters -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
a novel depiciting the injustices of slavery
-inflames the country
sold more than 300,000 copies = to today's 4 million copies
-prompted abe lincoln to call her the "little women, who started the big war" -
Dredd Scott vs Sanford
-a black man tries to sue his "master"
-the black man had run to a free state and his master came for him
-the Supreme Court said he didn't have the right to sueslaves are not citizens, therefore they cannot sue
reaffrims the belief that slaves are merly labour
missouri Compromise is unconstitutional -
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln granted all slaves captured by the North are freed
aka slaves in the free states are freed
-all slaves living in states in active rebellion against the US
-only the slaves in confederacy13th, 14th, 15th amendments abolishes slavery which is the constitutional amendment civil war amendments
14th -equal protection of laws
-the most influential allows everyone due process
-afforded the right to a trial
15th -gives specifically the black men the right to vote -
13th amendment
ratified
-bans slavery fromt e USA
-however the confederates countered with the Black Codeslimited the freedoms and civil rights of black
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Civil Rights Act
-made black codes illegal
-Andrew Johnson vetos this Act1st time an American President's veto is overriden by Congress!
-gives permission for congress to interven upon black rights infringments-to interven upon the state -
15th amendment
guarantees the rights of citizens to vote regardless of race and colorsex was NOT mentioned
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Worst than before
after the ratification of the 14th amendment
-women rights activist met to stop the suffrage of black men without the suffrage of women as well -
15th amendment
ratfied
prompted many women to leave the abolitionists to support only women rights -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
granted balcks the equal acess to all public places -
Civil Rights Cases
a group of five similar cases
- discrimination against balcks in public places like theaters, retuarants etc are not state discriminations but private discriminations therefore Congress had no power -
Dawes Act
stimulate assimilation of Indians into American society
took away native lands reduced from 140 million to 47 million...
took away the children to baording schools
rituals and native language BANNED -
Plessy v Ferguson
"seperate but equal"set the standard doctrine for most cases up until Brown v Bpard of Education
A Louisiana statute required railroad companies to provide separate, but equal accommodations for its Black and White passengers. Plessy was prosecuted under the statute after he refused to leave the section of a train reserved for whites. -
Muller v Oregon
justifies both sex discrimination and usage of labor laws
upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health -
Mexican revolution
forces mexican to seek refuge and employment in US -
New Mexica becomes a state
becomes a state-official bilingual member of the union -
Woman suffrage
coalition of women's groupMAWSA
NWP
secure the ratification of the 19th amendment -
Native Voting Rights
Native Americans were given their voting rights in 1924 -
League of United Latin American Citizens
the group is formedthe largest Latino right group
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NAACP
NAACP created a seperate tax-exempt legal defense fund to bring equal eduucation to all african american children -
Grapes of Wrath
John Steinback;s novel which draws attention to migrant workers -
Korematsu v US
denied a man's civil rights based on race
WWII Japs were stripped of their rights because they were believed to be a potential threat to national security
the court sided with the government -
Brown v Board of Education (1954)
establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutiona
overturned the Plessy v Ferguson
a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution
paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement -
Hernandez v Texas
decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitutionmajor vicotry
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Brown v Education II (1955)
"with all deliberate speed"
2nd trial following the 1st trialto better implement the desegregation of the schools
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Rosa Parks
sat in front of the bus in the "white" part
she started the voice of the bus boycottshe refused to move for a white man in a segregated bus
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a major step
the boycott wonthe supreme court ruled the bus segregation is unconstitutional
ordered the buses to be desegregated -
Cooper v Aaron
held that the states were bound by the Court's decisions, and could not choose to ignore them
Little Rock School Board opposed desegregation however the school district didnt care and went along witht he desegregation -
the 1st sit in
students at all-black NC Agricultural and Technical College participated at the first sit insat at white only places and refused to leave
-they were arrested -
Hoyt v Florida
appeal by Gwendolyn Hoyt (klled her husband)
she claimed an all male jury led to her unfair circumstances in court
held that the Florida statute for jury selection was not discriminatory
she was charged wih 2nd degree murder... -
JFK asks Congress
JFK asks Congress to ban discrimination in public accomidations after witnessing the Birmingham Civil Rights Demonstration -
Equal Pay Act
requires employer to pay both genders the same wages -
Assasination
JFK is assasinated in Dallas, Texas -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
anti-discrimination legislationoutlawed arbitary discrimination in voter registration and expediated coting right lawsuits
barrd discrimination in public accomidations engaged in interstate commerce
authorized the department of Justice to initiate lawsuits to desegregate public facilities ad schools
provided for the withholding of federal funds from discriiminatory state and local programs
prohibited discrimination in emplymnt on grounds of race, creed, color, religion, national origin, se -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
banned
-discrimination in employment
-public accomidations
-education based on race, creed, color, religion, national origin, or sec -
National Organization for Women
National Organization for Women (NOW) is formed after the failure to pass the Equal Employment Opportunity Comission,modeled closely to the NAACP
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NARF
The Native American Rights Fund
-became the core of the Native american rights movement -
Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg School District
the busing of students to promote integration in public schools
promote equality by bussing children in zones -
Reed v Reed
administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes
the son dies and leaves an estate to the parents whom are sperated, and of course the fight for the custody of the estate... -
Title IX
"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance..." -
Roe v Wade
Court decided that a right to privacy under the due process clause in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution extends to a woman's decision to have an abortion,
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San Antonio Independent School District v rodriguez
MALDEF fails to convince the court to distribute funds among school districts evenly -
Craig v Boren
The Court carved out a new test to test against sex discrimination -
University of California v Bakke
discrimination against a white maleaffirmitive action
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ADA
American Disabilities Act was passed -
de jure discrimination indeed
de jure discriminationsupreme court ruled that an all black school is allowed as long as it is not a result of school board's actions
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Romer v Evans
denied homosexuals the right to sekk protection under the 14th amendment -
Lawrence v Texas
put homosexual rights on the agendathey have the right to conduct however they want without the intervention of the US goernment
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Lulac v perry
Texas's redistricting plan does not intentionaly limit Latino representation
