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1555
Peace of Augsburg divides christianity into Germany
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1558
Elizabeth Tudor ascends the English throne.
Elizabeth gets named “the only supreme governor” of both church and state. She tried to keep Spain and France from becoming too powerful by balancing power. -
1560
Calvinism and catholicism become highly militant, religions.
They were aggressive at winning converts and in eliminating each others authority. Their struggle was the main cause of the religious wars that had plagued Europe in the 16th century. -
1562
French wars or religion begin
At the center of these wars was religious conflict. Catholic French kings persecuted protestants throughout the country. For 30 years battles ranged in France, to solve the religious problem Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes. -
1566
Ottoman Suleyman I dies
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Shah Abbas becomes ruler of persian safavid dynasty
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defeat of the Spanish Armada
Philip II makes preparations to send an Armada to England. The fleet he sent didn’t have the ships or man power that he intended to send.The armada gets battered by the faster English ships and sailed back to Spain by a northern route and it gets battered by storms. -
Philip's reign ends
Spain is not the great power it had appeared to be. Spain was bankrupt, Philip had spent too much money on war and his successor had spent too much on his court. Armed forces were out of date and the government was inefficient, Spain continued to play the role of great power. -
Henry IV issues the edict of Nantes, ends wars of religion.
The Edict recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France. It gave the Huguenots the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges. The Edict pleased both Huguenots and Catholics. -
Economic slowdown began in parts of Europe
In 1650 population decline had begun in Europe due to warfare, plague and famine. Italy the finacial center of England was declining. Spain’s economy was failing by the 1640’s from the failure of silver mining. -
start of thirty years war
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English found Massachusetts bay colony
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Witchcraft hysteria had begun to lessen
Governments grew stronger and fewer officials wanted to put witches on trial.more than 100,00 people had been charged with witchcraft, they got put under intense torture to confess. People began to believe it was unreasonable to believe in a world haunted by evil spirits. -
Louis XIV begins absolutist rule in France
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Louis XIV dies