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Charles V, ruled a larger empire from 1519- 1559
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Hapsburg empire divided, philip II begins rule of spain
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Huguenot and Catholic nobles gathered to celbrate a royal wedding, violence erupted that led to the massacre of 3,000 Huguenots.
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Philip saw England's queen Elizabeth I as his chief Protestant Enemy.
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The Spanish Armada: Philip sent a fleet of 130 massive Spanish warships armed with 3,000 cannons to crush England, but poor weather and Sir Francis Drake's smaller faster ships destroyed the Spainish Aramada.
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Religious wars between Hugnuenots and the catholic Majority tore france apart.
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the Hohenzollern family ruled scattered lands across north Germany.
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Brought control of all aspects of Russia under his
own control, military, church, and government. -
Expanded Hapsburg Empire from Austria to include
Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, North Italy -
English CIvil war begins
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Defeated Sweden in 1709, gained new lands
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Russian czar (emperor) from 1689-1725
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Seven years' war begins
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