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Black Hawk's War
Black Hawk was the leader of the Sauk Indians and he was the leader of "Black Hawks War" This war forced tribes to secede land promised to them in an earlier treaty Iowa's incorporation as a territory in 1838 refused to recognize any Native American claim in the region, pushing all further west -
Battle Of The Alamo
Mexican troops under President General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo mission near San Antonio, Texas killing all of the Texan defenders. Santa Anna's cruelty during the battle inspired many Texans-both Texas settlers and adventures from the US-to join the Texan Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texans defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the revolution -
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Oregon Trail
The Oregon territory was jointly held by the US and Britain (Canada) since 1818 Major traveling of groups began leaving together for safety in 1842, and would continue until around 1855 Around 90,000 settlers in total migrated, with around 5,000 dying on the way -
Texas Becomes An Independent State
Although Mexico's war of independence pushed out Spain in 1821. Texas didn't remain a Mexican possession for long. It became its own country, called the Republic of Texas. From 1836 until it agreed to join the US in 1845. -
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James K Polk Presidency
He acquired California as a state in the US. Westward expansion into Oregon Country. Polk's expansionist beliefs are reflected in his foreign policies. He pressures Great Britain to resolve the long-outstanding Oregon boundary dispute and eventually agrees a division along the 49th parallel. US acquires modern day Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and parts Montana and Wyoming. -
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Mexican American War
The Mex-Am. War (1846-1848) marked the first US armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of US President James Polk, who believed the US had a manifest destiny to spread across the continent to the pacific ocean. A boarder skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of US victories. Mexico lost 1/3 of their land. -
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Mormon Migration To Utah
In April 1847 the first group of Mormon settlers left and headed west along the California Trail. Brigham Young led a group of two children, three women, and 143 men. They traveled on horse back or in oxen pulled wagons for three months. On July 22, 1847 the first men entered the Salt Lake Valley -
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California Gold Rush
When gold was found by James W Marshall at Sutter's Mill in coloma, California. The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the US and abroad. The sudden influx of immigration and gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American Economy, and California became one of the few American states to go directly to statehood without first being a territory, in the Compromise of 1850 -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing the Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to US territory, including the land that makes up all of parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming -
The Fort Laramie Treaty
The huge number of people going through or settling in the Great Plains and Rockies altered the ecology and economy of the region.
The US bureau of Indian Affairs organized a large gathering of tribes in 1851 to solve this. The Fort Laramie Treaty tried to draw boundaries for the various tribes, offering the $50,000 a year for 50 years (later reduced to 10 years by Congress) to make up for their reduced movements and loss of hunting. -
Gadsden Purchase
A 29,670 square mile region of present day southern Arizona and Southwestern New Mexico that the US purchased via a treaty signed on Dec. 30, 1853 by James Gadsden. The US sought a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line.