-
Period: to
Modern European Revolutions
-
The Khmelnetsy Uprising
"National Library of Israel Scan of Nathan Hannover's "Yeven Metzula", Printed in Venice, 1653." Digital image. Wikimedia Commons. August 3, 2014. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yeven53.png. A scan of a sentence in Nathan Hannover's book "Yeven Metzulah." English translation: "And now I shall commence writing of the evil decrees enacted by Chmiel, may his name and memory be obliterated, in the lands of Ruthenia, Lithuania and Poland in the years (5)408, '409, '410, '411 and 412." -
Alyona Arzamasskaia
Alyona Arzamasskaia, often called the Russian Joan of Arc, was a peasant from the Vyezdnaya sloboda of Arzamas. When her husband died, she became a nun. In 1669, she joined the famous Cossack Stephan Razin's Rebellion (1670) in Southern Russia. Disguised as a man, she commanded 600 men before she was captured and burned at the stake.
http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1966/09/29/page/168/article/peasant-nun-aided-revolt-300-years-ago -
The Pilgrim's Progress
The Pilgrim's Progress is a novel written by John Bunyan that was first printed in England in 1678. Bunyan is a Protestant who fought for the Roundheads (Parliament) in the English Civil War. The novel is an allegory that criticizes the diconnect between the state and its citizens through the main character Christian, who seeks salvation. -
Antoine Watteau - The Embarkation for Cythera
Oil on canvas, 4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 4 in. This painting is an iconic example of the Rococo style, which in itself was a reaction to the very strict Baroque style, with its emphasis on the use of chiaroscuro and particularly geometrical design. The Rococo style rather advocates a lightness of subject matter, and a general pursuit of pleasure. -
Marretje Arents
Marretje Arents (ca 1712-28 June 1748), was known as Mat van den Nieuwendijk, and het limoenwijf. She was a Dutch fishwife and was one of three people who instigated the Pachter riots in 1748. The cause of the riots was tax conflicts between peasant and landlords. Arents was executed for her rebellion.
http://au.wow.com/wiki/Marretje_Arents
http://www.snipview.com/q/Marretje Arents -
The Enlightenment and Haskalah
Feiner, Shmuel, and Natalie Naimark-Goldberg. "The Early Maskilim." In Cultural Revolution in Berlin, 14. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2011. A 1790 portrait Rabbi Raphael HaLevi of Hannover appearing as typical 18th century European scholar. Hannover was a German mathematician and man of science and was one of the early figures of the Haskalah - the Jewish Enlightenment movement that emerged in Germany as Jewish intellectuals began engaging in Enlightenment texts and ideas. -
L'Ingenu
L'Ingenu is a novel written by Voltaire, one of the foremost writers of the Enlightenment period. The novel was first published in France in 1767. -
Jacques-Louis David - The Oath of the Horatii
Oil on canvas, 10 ft. 10 in x 14 ft. The Oath of the Horatii was a large-scale 1784 painting depicting the volunteering of the three sons of Horatius Proclus in a live-or-die military contest, in an early scene of Livy’s History of Rome. The French king Louis XVI commissioned the piece roughly five years before the Revolution and ironically, the painting itself would later gain widespread popularity as a symbol of revolutionary patriotism and fight for freedom. -
The French Revolution and the Emancipation of France's Jews
Napoleon Reestablishes the Cult of the Israelites, May 30, 1806. 1806. Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary. In The Jews of Modern France, 37. London: University of California Press, 1998. French print depicting Napoleon as a hero in the eyes of French Jews. On the 30th of May 1806, Napoleon summoned an Assembly of Jewish Notables. In the print, Napoleon is portrayed the a Moses-like figure, heralding a new and better age for the Jews of France. -
Charlotte Corday
Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont (1768-1793), known as Charlotte Corday, was the daughter of an impoverished aristocrat and a Royalist sympathizer. She was a figure of the French Revolution, and was well known for having stabbed to death Jean-Paul Marat, the Jacobin leader in 1793.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Voxgub8_Xta -
Laskarina Bouboulina
A Greek heroine of the Greek War of Independence (1821). She fought alongside her male compatriots in the underground resistance Filiki Etairia; was the first to raise the Greek flag on her flagship Agammemmon, a ship she donated to the 1821 cause.
The life and legacy of Laskarina Bouboulina feminist alternatives to documentary filmmaking practices. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7432 www,bouboulinamuseum-spetses.gr./English/Museum_Bouboulina.htm -
Caspar David Friedrich – Two Men Contemplating the Moon
Oil on canvas, 13 ft. 8 in. x 17 ft. 3 in. Two Men Contemplating the Moon is an iconic piece of Romanticist art. It is the third version that Friedrich painted. The two men themselves are Friedrich (on the right) and his young colleague Heinrich (on the left). Romanticism sees a profound return to the awe of nature as a reaction to the fast evolution of society into the industrial world. -
Emilia Plater
In 1831, Countess Emilia Plater, also known as the female soldier, became a captain in the Polish Lithuanian army and fought against the Russians during the Polish November Uprising. She cut her hair short and wore a uniform and created her own army made up of an infantry, cavalry and peasantry. The Polish press later deemed her a heroine of the uprising.
http://the-female-soldier.tumblr.com/post/79906540082/emilia-plater-was-a-polish-noblewoman-who-fought -
J.W. Turner - The Slave Ship
Oil on canvas, 35 ft. 9 in. x 48 ft. 3 in. The Slave Ship is a painting of multiple facets and perspectives. The painting as a whole is in itself a contradiction, showing great beauty as an image, but great devastation in the subject matter, an intent criticism of the slave trade occurring worldwide at the time. -
Sybil (The Two Nations)
Sybil, with the subtitle The Two Nations, is a novel written by Benjamin Disraeli, a politician of the Conservative party that had two terms as Prime Minister; the first for a short period of time in 1868 and the second in 1874. Sybil was first published in 1845 in England and relays a Dickensian description of life for the working class during the industrial period in England. -
The Revolutions of 1848 and the Jews of German States
Baron, Salo W. "The Impact of the Revolution of 1848 on Jewish Emancipation." Jewish Social Studies 11, no. 3 (July 01, 1949): 220-21. Accessed April 05, 2015. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4464829?ref=no-x-route:6e551e4e6081da9d789f726d13cdef4c. Extract from Rabbi Isaac Hannover's March 18, 1848 sermon to Vienna's Jews.. Hannover was a prominent Jewish preacher who sat in the 1848 Austrian Reichstag. The speech was delivered days after mass student demonstrations borke out in Vienna. -
Édouard Manet - Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe
Oil on canvas, 6 ft. 10 in. x 8 ft. 8 in. Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe caused quite a scandal due to the nudity of the female character to the foremost of the painting. The painting was both representative of Impressionism as an artistic counterculture, and of a revolution in the use of nudity in art. -
Demons, or, The Possessed
Demons is a novel written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky that was inspired by a murder committed in 1869 that was a product of the nihilism movement and that horrified the Russian population. It was first published in 1872 in Russia under the name The Possessed and was later translated either as The Devils or Demons. -
The Second Industrial Revolution and the emergence of Jewish Socialist Movements
An-ski, Shlomo. ""Di Shvue" (The Oath)." Accessed April 05, 2015. http://web.stanford.edu/class/hebrew/yiddish/resources/shvue.html. Abridged Translation of "The Oath" (Di Shvue) the anthem of the General Jewish Labor Bund of Lithuania, Poland, and Russia. The bund was a Jewish Socialist party that was founded in 1897. The song evokes common Socialist motifs such as the red flag and the toil of the working class. -
Pablo Picasso - Man with a Violin (1911)
Oil on canvas, 3 ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 6 in. Man with a Violin is a representative painting of Cubism, of which Pablo Picasso was one of the most prominent figures. Cubism followed the idea that art was meant to defy convention and show something fundamentally different to every other form of art. -
Emmeline Pankhurst
A British suffragette who led the fight for women's rights. She founded the Women's Social and Political Union. She was instrumental in changing society and obtaining the right for women to vote (1918).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp8R0FFRsV8 -
The Revolutions of Russia and Soviet Jewry
Gitelman, Zvi. "Revolution and the Ambiguities of Liberation." In A Century of Ambivalence, 78. 2nd ed. Bloomington, Indiana: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research, 1988. Photograph in the 1930s of a synagogue in Vitebsk that was turned into a workers’ club in the 1920s. Two signs by t he door depict the Bolshevik Party’s hammer and sickle symbol. Above, two signs in Yiddish say “Education is the path to Communism” and “Soviet power sets the goal of learning to work for the entire people.” -
All Quiet on the Western Front
All Quiet on the Western Front is a novel written by Erich Maria Remarque, a German author, and was originally published through a series of chapters in the German magazine Vossische Zeitung ending on December 9th 1928. The book follows the involvement of six friends in the First World War and follows a theme of anti-nationalism which led it to be banned in Germany in 1933. -
Animal Farm
Animal Farm is a dystopian allegorical novel written by George Orwell and first published in London, England on August 17th 1945. The novel mirrors Stalin's rise in Russia through farm animals and criticizes the leaders of the Russian Revolution for abandoning the principles they originally set out to preserve.
