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Jan 1, 1000
lenses
In 2600 B. C. E. Egyptians started using lenses to took at objcts -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to
microscope
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First microscope
only for opaque objects
magnified 20x -
The phrase "cell" was coined.
the phrase "cell" was coined -
discovery of certained cells
used microscope that powered 300x -
achromatic lenses
resolution of 1 micron -
Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden propose the "Cell Theory."
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Donne' publishes the first micrographs
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Ernst Abbe publishes his work on the theory of the microscope.
formula of magnification to resolution -
Ernst Leitz microscope is introduced with a spinning mount for 5 objectives.
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Walther Flemming discovers mitosis.
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August Kohler worked out light source and filter to obtain the best image projection.
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microtomes begin to appear for sample preparation.
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Period: to
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch both become engaged in microscopy and the study of bacteria.
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Ernst Abbe designs apochromatic objective that brings red, yellow and blue into one focus.
uses ten elements -
The first commercial UV microscope by Zeiss.
resolution twice that of visible light microscope -
Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska build the first electron microscope.
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Ruska builds the first electron microscope that exceeds the resolution of the light microscope.
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First electron micrograph of a biological sample.
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First scanning electron microscope is built.
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Siemens supplies the first commercially available electron microscope.
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Fritz Zernike discovered he could view unstained cells using the phase angle of rays.
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First ultra-microtome built by Porter and Blum.
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Scanning Probe Microscope is invented and works by measuring current.
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Scanning laser confocal microscope is commercially available
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Atomic Force Microscope is invented and measures force instead of current.
