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Jan 1, 1309
Babylonian Captivity 1309-1377
As a result of a conflict between King Philip the Fair of France and Pope Boniface VIII, when Boniface died, Clement V was pressured to settle permanently in Avignon in southern France. Rest of the Europe feared that the leadership of the Church would be subordinated by the French.
The image shows the return of the Pope to Rome -
Period: Jan 1, 1309 to Jan 1, 1376
Babylonian Captivity
As a result of a conflict between King Philip the Fair of France and Pope Boniface VIII, when Boniface died, Clement V was pressured to settle permanently in Avignon in southern France.
Babylonian Captivity damaged the reputation of the pope, who had been seen so divine. -
Jan 17, 1377
Great Schism 1377~1417
Gregory XI soon died after he brought the papal court back to Rome. Urban VI (pontificate 1378~1389) succeeded to the position, but caused many conflicts between him and the Cardinals. Cardinals soon elected Cardinal Robert of Geneva (soon Clement VII), the cousin of King Charles V of France, and set themselves a new court in Avignon.
Division between the two papal courts brought not only tension but also mistrust of the Church
The Great Schism finally ended by the great council at Constance. -
Period: Jun 18, 1377 to Jun 18, 1417
Great Schism
Gregory XI soon died after he brought the papal court back to Rome. Urban VI (pontificate 1378~1389) succeeded to the position, but caused many conflicts between him and the Cardinals. Cardinals soon elected Cardinal Robert of Geneva (soon Clement VII), the cousin of King Charles V of France, and set themselves a new court in Avignon.
Division between the two papal courts brought not only tension but also mistrust of the Church
The Great Schism finally ended by the great council at Constance. -
Period: Jun 18, 1400 to Jun 18, 1517
Protestant Reformation
Since the Greart Schism, papal prestige declined significantly. Papal tax collection was criticized as well as the Church's hierarchy. Instaed of pious clergy, people witnessed libertine monks and priests. Especailly, the indulgence, ordered by Pope Leo X to finance his building plans in Rome incensed anger from intellectuals including Martin Luther.
The result was the Protestant Reformation which denied papal hierarchy and emphasized holy scriptures.
images saved above -
Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Loss of Catholic Membership and Wars
With the introduction of Lutheranism, Protestant ideas spread through many German states. Several cantons in Switzerland dadopted Lutheran ideas, leading to wars in the late 1520s.
Denmark-Norway and Sweden also adopted Protestant ideasin the 1530s.
Henry VIII proclaimed the Act of Supremacy and established the Anglican Church -mostly for his private interest- and departed from Catholicism.
Calvinism emerged in 1509, especailly appealing to French and Geneva. -
Oct 31, 1517
Protestant Reformation 1517
Since the Greart Schism, papal prestige declined significantly. Papal tax collection was criticized as well as the Church's hierarchy. Instaed of pious clergy, people witnessed libertine monks and priests. Especailly, the indulgence, ordered by Pope Leo X to finance his building plans in Rome incensed anger from intellectuals including Martin Luther.
The result was the Protestant Reformation which denied papal hierarchy and emphasized holy scriptures. -
Nov 15, 1534
Act of Supremacy and loss of Catholic membership
ith the introduction of Lutheranism, Protestant ideas spread through many German states. Several cantons in Switzerland dadopted Lutheran ideas, leading to wars in the late 1520s.
Denmark-Norway and Sweden also adopted Protestant ideasin the 1530s.
Henry VIII proclaimed the Act of Supremacy and established the Anglican Church -mostly for his private interest- and departed from Catholicism.
Calvinism emerged in 1509, especailly appealing to French and Geneva. -
Period: Jun 18, 1540 to
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution challenged the Christian belief. Mostly starting with the suggestions of new astronmical theories, the Christian beliefs were challenged. After Galileo's publication of a controversial book in 1632, he was condemned.
The Scientific Revolution thus gave a new scope of view to the world to men of all classes, though some may have rejected. Existence of God and the Church hierarchy was once again put into doubt. -
Dec 13, 1545
The Council of Trent (Catholic Counter-Reformation)
Pope Paul III led the reform movement in the Catholic Church. He emaphsized piety and decorum rather than building churches and gaining own benefits. Reformation was primarily made to counteract Protestants intellectually, politically, militarily and institutionaly.
In the council of Trent, new orders and reform measures were enforced. pluralism was banned.
Society of Jesus -Jesuits- was formed and played a powerful international role in politics and reiligion. -
Period: Dec 13, 1545 to Jun 18, 1563
Counter Reformation and the Council of Trent
With the regime of Pope Paul III, reform movement was made. He emaphsized piety and decorum rather than building churches and gaining own benefits. Reformation was primarily made to counteract Protestants intellectually, politically, militarily and institutionaly.
In the council of Trent made spiritual renewal of the church. It imposed new orders and reform measures. pluralism was banned.
Society of Jesus -Jesuits- was formed and played a powerful international role in politics and reiligion. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
On September 25th 1555, after consequtive religious wars in Switzerland, Italy, Austria, France and Germany, Charles V eventually called a meeting to bring peace. Lutheranism was officially recognized in this meeting.
Catholic Church lost control over northern Germany as well as other states that adopted Lutheranism. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War and Peace of Westphalia
After the peace of Augsburg in 1555, conflict again rose. War divided into 4 phases: Bohemian(1618~1625), Danish(1625~1629), Swedish (1630~1635), French(1635~1648)
Protestatns side (states may be Catholic): France, Parts of Germany, Denmark, Sweden
Catholic: Habsburg, Holy Roman Empire, Spain,
1648 - recognized a prince's freedom to decide religion within his state. concept of state arose. -
Galileo's publication of Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
On 1632, Galileo published a controversial book that led to the Roman Inquisition, yet opening up a diffusion of scientific ideas.
Scientific Revolution challenged the Christian belief. Mostly starting with the suggestions of new astronmical theories, the Christian beliefs were challenged. The Scientific Revolution thus gave a new scope of view to the world to men of all classes, though some may have rejected. Existence of God and the Church hierarchy was once again put into doubt. -
Jasenism and Catholic Piety
From the early 1600s Jasen lead the Jasenism movement which eventually appealed to the poor and French nobles. Doctrines of predestinationa and emphasis on piety attracted devout believers. Not only limited to Jasenism, Catholic piety saw an increase entering the 18thC.Pious believers with high attendance rate for Easter communion
Important role in popular culture and community life
Supersition was often combined with Catholicism -
Peace of Westphalia: the End of Thirty Years War
After the peace of Augsburg in 1555, conflict again rose. War divided into 4 phases: Bohemian(1618~1625), Danish(1625~1629), Swedish (1630~1635), French(1635~1648)
Protestatns side (states may be Catholic): France, Parts of Germany, Denmark, Sweden
Catholic: Habsburg, Holy Roman Empire, Spain,
1648 - recognized a prince's freedom to decide religion within his state. concept of state arose.
Religious freedom given to individual states further lead to the loss of Catholic membership. -
Period: to
Weakening of Catholic Influence in States
Spain monarchy took control over ecclesiastical appointments and the Spanish Inquisition.
Extraordianry teachers as well as missionaries, Jesuists were banned in Frnace for their political influence in 1763 by Louis XV. Their properties were also confiscated.
In 1773 the Jesuits were dissolved due to the pressure from France and Spain.
Maria Theresa demanded that the Church be productive in their activities.
Joseph II only allowed practical activities, such as nursing and teaching. -
Dissolvement of the Society of Jesus and the Weakening of the Church
In 1773 the Society of Jesus was dissolved due to the pressure from France and Spain.
Spain monarchy took control over ecclesiastical appointments and the Spanish Inquisition.
Extraordianry teachers as well as missionaries, Jesuists were banned in Frnace for their political influence in 1763 by Louis XV. Their properties were also confiscated.
Maria Theresa and Joseph IIdemanded that the Church be productive in their activities.
Portugal and other states banned the Jesuits (image)
