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Acadians are exiled from their homes
Who: British soldiers and Acadian civilians.
What: Soldiers took civilians from their homes and banned them from their land.
When:1755
Where: Nova Scotia
Why: The British wanted the Acadians to swear allegiance or to just be neutral in the conflict between Britain and France.
How: British soldiers stormed into the houses of the acadians and forced them to leave their homes. This impacts Canadian history due to the cruelty and feuds between the French. -
The Conquest (Battle on the Plains of Abraham)
Who: British, Scottish, French and Canadians.
What: Battle started because of the immigration drama.
When: September 13th 1759
Where: Canada
Why: Canada was being punished because of their discrimination against immigrants of other ethnic groups.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: After the battle Canada was soon all in British control. The battle had enormous consequences for North America, the plan for the battle was terribly not planned out, in other words it was sloppy and rushed. -
The Royal Proclamation determines that First Nations are sovereign
Who: king George III and First Nations.
What: aboriginal treaties in Canada
When: 1763
Where: Canada
Why: Aboriginal peoples rights state that they do not have to purchase the land they are given, the North American interior was exclusively for aboriginal peoples use.
How: The proclamation is significant to Canadian nationalism because of its contribution to the American revolution. The land given to Aboriginal people angered many colonies due to the desire of western expansion. -
Lord Durham’s report encourages the assimilation of the Francophone colonists
Who: Lord Durham (British politician)
What: Durhams report led to a series of reforms and changes ( The union of the two Canadas into a single colony).
When:1839
Where: North America
Why: Durham wanted to turn upper and lower Canada into one Colony.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Durhams idea created a more responsible government, was critical in the evolution of Canadian democracy. Without Durhams idea on turning upper and lower Canada into one colony Canada would not be the way it is. -
Quebec refuses to sign the constitution
Who: Canadian government
What: The BNA Act
When:1864
Where:Canada/Quebec
Why: To Unite the British north American Provinces as one.
How: The BNA Act created Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick as provinces of Canada. Named the capital of Canada Ottawa. The federal parliament and provincial legislature were given their jobs/roles in Canadian government. -
Confederation - 1867
Who:Edward Cardwell
What: The idea of turning single northern nation into a reality was highly wanted.
When: 1867
Where: North America
Why: The fear of how much it would cost to defend Britians North American colonies against the US.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: British North American Act of 1867 now the Constitution Act, was then signed by Queen Victoria(march 29, 1867). Law was set in place on July 1st 1867, which is now known to Canadians as Canada day. -
The Indian Act is first created
Who: First Nations
What: Indian Act creation I which First Nation reserve land is to be maintained.
When: 1876
Where: North American interior.
Why: Protects First Nations culture, prevents social and cultural discrimination.
How: The creation of the Indian Act was set in place so the government has to withhold their promises to the First Nations people. The act protects their heritage and such as the right to live on reserve land and not having to pay for it. -
Riel Rebellion
Who: Canadian government and Metis, aboriginal allies.
What: Battle against the Canadian government.
When:1885
Where: Now known as Saskatchewan and Alberta.
Why: Fear among Metis and Aboriginal people due to the sudden changes to the west.
How: A series of battles broke out, eventually the Federal troops deafened the rebels. In result to the violent battles there was to be eminent law enforcement in the west, in addition to the law enforcement in the west the hanging of Louis Riel took place. -
Manitoba Schools Question becomes an issue in the federal election
Who: Francophones and catholics.
What: Francophones In Manitoba want to receive an education in their mother tongue.
When: 1896
Where: Manitoba
Why: Francophones wanted a school where they could study their language.
How it effected Canadian nationalism:created the Laurier-Greenway Compromise agreement. The agreement brought the establishment of bilingualism in government. This brought the idea that Canada will have 2 official languages. -
Conscription crisis during World War One
Who:Canadians
What:Thousands of Canadians volunteered to fight for the British Empire overseas.
When: 1914-1915
Where:Belgium
Why: argument if men should be conscripted to go to war.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Canadians fought together as one to protect their country. The result of Conscription failed, it was responsible for for the re-election of the Borden Government, it also left the conservative party with a liability and feelings of betrayal in Quebec in the agricultural west. -
Chinese Head Tax discriminates against Chinese immigration
who: Canadian government and Chinese immigrants.
what: Chinese immigrants had to pay a head tax that started at $50 then $100 which then led to $500. The tax was removed from the Chinese Immigration Act in 1923.
When: 1885-1923
Where: Canada
why: Canadian government wanted to limit the amount of Chinese immigrants by increasing the head tax.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Anti-Chinese legislation was the first in Canadian history to exclude immigrants of another ethnic origin. -
The referendum is held to decide if Newfoundland should join Canada
Who: Newfoundlanders and Canadians
What: Newfoundland joins Canada.
When:1949
Where: Newfoundland and Canada
Why: Newfoundland was forced to join Canada due to economic issues.
How it effected Canadian nationalism:Newfoundland becoming a province of Canada is what made it the place it is today and impacted our history tremendously. Newfoundlanders had to make the decision in order to save their province.The great depression of the 1930s brought hit Newfoundland hard which caused the merge. -
Quiet Revolution
Who:Rene Levesque
What:Change the role of Francophones in Canada.
When:1960
Where:Quebec/Canada
Why: Nationalization of private electricity companies was the governments main focus.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Francophones had The French language included in all of their educational and social welfares. The French language became apart of the work sector. 1965 Caisse de dépot et placement du Québec that was uncharge of the Québec Pension Plan, brought several millions of dollars. -
Chinese Immigration Act
who: Chinese Immigrants.
What: Banned the all Chinese immigrants for 24 years. The Act was repealed in 1947, immigration restrictions based on race abolished until 1967
When: 1923-1967
Where: Western Canada
why: The Chinese immigrants did not fit the ideas of "White Canada forever".
How it effected Canadian nationalism: The Immigration Act brought the idea of no discrimination between other ethnic origin groups and other races. -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
Who:Rene Levesque
What:Formed in 1986, through the souveraineté-association.
When:1968
Where:Quebec
Why:Québec sovereignty was the main focus of the Bloc Quebecois. They are known for being an independence party, created a national executive council, created in infrastructure.
How: The main goal of the party being sovereignty is an important detail in Canadian history, brought a self governing state to Canada. Without Levesque's idea Canadian nationalism wouldn't be the way it is today. -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
Who:Governmant of Canada
what: Government policy to abolish former legal document related to Indigenous groups in Canada.
When: 1969
Where: Canada
Why: Fully understand all First Nations people under the Canadian state.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: The White paper also known as the(Indian policy), policy that tried to get ride of any previous documents such as the Indian Act. The idea was to totally get rid of all treaties and take in all Aboriginal people into the Canadian state. -
FLQ Crisis
Who: FLQ activists.
What:First Canadian event/crisis in which Canadians did not have rights nor freedoms.
When:1970
Where:Quebec
Why:The changes that Quebec was encountering during that time had brought revolutionaries that endured the idea of the FLQ crisis.
How:Bombs were placed in mail boxes by FlQ activists. The crisis involved 200 bombings between 1963 and 1970. Many violent killings took place along with many hostages that never returned. -
The Red Paper
Who:Aboriginal people
What: First Nations respond to the white paper proposal.
When:1970
Where: Canada/Alberta
Why: The Red Paper policy supports the continuance of aboriginal treaty right.
How: The red Paper declared that First Nations with the crown as equals. These treaties represented promises that the government made to First Nations people. The "Indian association of Alberta(IAA)" created a document called Citizens plus-the red paper. The Red Paper was an act of refusal by the IAA. -
The Calder Case
Who: Cabinet minister Frank Calder
What: First recent time land claim in British Columbia, Nisga'a people had self government.
When: February 8,1973
Where: British Columbia
Why: Indigenous people were not given a choice as to living on reserve land instead of traditional land.
How: Nisga'a Alleged rights to their traditional lands due to the proclamation in 1763. Nisga'a people wanted to obtain the right to have self government, their claim was then turned down by Canadian government. -
Election of the Parti Quebecois
Who: René Lévesque and Claude Morin.
What: Parti Quebecois 1976 victory.
When:1976
Where:Quebec
Why: The PQ's victory was credited to Claude Morin.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: The Parti Quebecois passed many important laws, Bill 101- Charter of the French language, made French the official language of Quebec. The Automobile Insurance Act- government run automobile insurance for owners. Bill 89- civil code and family law. all of these laws made our government the way it is today. -
Referendum 1980
Who: Parti Québécois
What:PQ's sovereignty plans with Quebec.
When:1980
Where: Quebec
Why: PQ's party wanted Quebec to associate with them.
How: 1979 the federal liberal party that was ran by Pierre Trudeau lost the election. A new agreement proposal was brought to Canada based on the quality of nations. The agreement stated that Quebec would have exclusive power to make its laws and handle taxs along with sovereignty, but had to maintain a economic association with Canada. -
The NEP (National Energy Program) is implemented
Who: Federal government.
What: wanted to gain more control over the Canadian petroleum industry.
When: 1981
Where: Canada/ Alberta
Why: Canadians federal government wanted to obtain greater control over petroleum.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: NEP reduced Canadian dependence on foreign oil/ foreign oil ownership of the industry. Created fierce resentment against Ottawa and the western Canadians, had feelings of western alienation. It ruined the federal liberal brand for decades. -
Bill 101 is passed into law in Quebec
Who:Sepreme court of Canada
What:Wnglish language schooling in Quebec.
When:1984
Where:Quebec
Why:Bill 101- the charter of the French language. "Children should have the right to learn that language in the province". English not being the first language it wants as important, parents wanted there children to have the right to learn it in schools.
How:Bill 101 is the right of the French language, which English was not, fought for English to be taught as well. -
Meech Lake Accord
Who: Prime minister Brian Mulroney
What:Attempt to win Quebec's consent to the revised Canadian constitution.
When: 1987
Where: Quebec
Why: Strengthen provincial powers to declare Quebec a distinct society.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Quebec was then legally declared bound as any other province. Provences for the first time were given a role in choosing people to sit on a certain federal institution(Senate and the Supreme Court of Canada). -
Canada adopts official multiculturalism
Who: Canadians and immigrants.
What: Canada adopted multiculturalism to create a country that people from other ethnic cultures can come.
When:1960s to 1988
Where: Canada
Why: Canadians wanted to create a policy where immigrants of other ethnic groups could come and not be discriminated against.,
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Canada was no longer a white only country. They started accepting an increasing amount of non- white immigrants. -
Supreme Court determines that turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform – reasonable accommodation
who: Baltej Singh Dillon.
what:Fighting for the right to wear a turban with the RCMP uniform.
when: 1988-1990
where:canada
Why: Mounties uniform is traditional and should be changed.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Canadians wanted to keep the traditional mountie uniform the same, including a flat brimmed hat that was more important than ones religion. This effected Canadian nationalism because Canadians wanted to keep the mountie uniform as it has been for more than 100 years. -
The Oka Crisis
Who:Army/police and Mohawk protesters.
What:78 day stand off from July to September 1990.
When:990
Where: Montreal
Why:The construction of a golf course on land that had a Mohawk burial ground.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: The Mohawk had been pressuring the government to have rights to their land, the government ignored them which led to the Oka Crisis. After many violent acts the government agreed to purchase the land to prevent further construction. -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
Who:Aboriginal people and Canadian government/society.
What:Historical survey to do with aboriginal and non aboriginal people in Canada.
When:1991(followed the Oka Crisis).
Where:Canada
Why:Research done to identify the relationships between Aboriginal people and Canadian society, in order to identify special treatment towards the Canadian society and not the Aboriginal groups of Canada.
How:Candadian government reviewed Aboriginal self government, established Aboriginal parliament. -
Charlottetown Accord
Who:Prime minister Brian Mulroney.
What:Amending Canada's constitution.
When:1992
Where:Charlottetown
Why: The accord would've transferred many federal powers to the provinces, it was rejected.
How: In 1990 Mulroney tried again, Canada emended its constitution, not involving the consent of Quebec. A series of 5 conferences led to a federal report that involved a renewed Canada. Negotiations between Federal, Provincial and Territorial governments, this led to the Charlotte Accord. -
Referendum 1995
Who: Canadian government
What:Referendum,Quebec sovereignty.
When:October 30,1995
Where:Quebec
Why: Failure of both the Meech Lake Accord and the Charolette Town Accord left doubt and about the constitutional failure of Canada.
How: prime minister Brian Mulroney that led the Progressive Conservative Party was wiped out, while the liberals won majority. Quebec alienation brought back the idea of distinct society. which is what brought the PQ's back in power. -
Recognition of Quebecois nation 2006
Who: Stephen Harper
What: House of Commons passes Quebecois as a nation within a united Canada.
When:2006
Where: House of commons.
Why: Canada should be united as one, Quebecois as a nation involved more Canadians in Canadian nationalism.
How: The most important concept that encouraged Quebecois as a nation was purely the idea of a united Canada. Canadian nationalism is important in the eyes of the government additionally influenced the vast decision. -
Canada apologizes for Residential Schools
Who:Prime minister Stephen Harper
What:Harper apologized for pain caused to the family of the residential school victims.
When:2008
Where:Took place at the House of Commons.
Why:Canadian Government caused a tremendous amount of pain to many Aboriginal people. Aboriginals were stripped of their identity ignorer to become a normal Canadian, this logic was clearly wrong.
How:Canadian government has took responsibility for their actions and have promised that Aboriginal families will have justice. -
The publication of the TRC 94 Calls to Action
Who: Indigenous children effected by the government boarding schools.
What: Indigenous Children were abused in government boarding schools.
When: 2015
Where:Canada
Why: Canadian government wants to try and fix what happened in the past.
How it effected Canadian nationalism: Published 94 calls to action including all levels of government to achieve the change of policies and programs to repair the harm caused by residential schools. -
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
Who:Indigenous women and girls of Canada.
What:Human rights crisis that is recently a topic of discussion, national media.
When:December 8, 2015
Where:Canada
Why:The federal government has continually ignored the facts about missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls.
How is effected Canadian nationalism:Stephen Harper(former prime minister)said that the crisis should't be treated as sociological phenomenon, it was not the most important crisis at the time. This lead to racial issues.
