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Spies In Canada: Igor Gouzenko
Interview with Gouzenko's Wife-Born in Soviet Union.
-Trained in intelligence work, assigned to Soviet Embassy in Ottawa (1943).
-Learned that the Soviets operated several spy networks in Canada.
-Offered Canadian government secret documents exposing Soviet spy work.
-In return asked for permanant protection.
-As a result of the documents, 18 of the 39 people named were convicted of criminal activities related to spying.
-Wore a hood on his head in public to protect identity. -
Quebec's Padlock Law
Information about the Padlock Law begins at 4:47
The Padlock Law was an Act passed by the Union Nationale government of Maurice Duplessis that was intended to prevent the spread of Communist propaganda throughout the province of Quebec. -
The Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade
In 1948 the Soviet Union broke an agreement with its former allies (Canada, USA, France and Britain). It attempted to force the allies to give up their rights to occupy the Western part of Berlin. It attempted to block all of the supply lines to West Berlin. The blockade failed because the allies sent supplies to Berlin. The blockade succeeded in raising tensions between the Soviet Union and its former allies. -
International Alliances: NATO
-Canada, several European countries and the USA became concerned about national security because of Soviet Union.
-In 1949 several nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
-NATO is a defense pact used to protect members against Soviet aggression.
-All members have to defend each other from enermy attacks.
-12 founding members of NATO are Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembour, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the USA. -
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The Korean War
Documentary on the Korean WarCommunist North Korea, supported by Communist China, decided to attack South Korea. The USA and UN supported South Korea. Of all member nations, only 16 aided the war effort in Korea. Canada ranked third in total aid to South Korea. Nearly 25,000 Canadians saw action before the truce (an agreement to stop shooting) of 1953. Over 1,000 Canadians were wounded and 406 were killed. Throught his war effort the UN ensured the independence of South Korea. -
UN Peacekeeping: The Suez Crisis and Pearson Wins The Nobel Prize
The Suez Crisis of 1956-Suez Canal in Egypt was a waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas
-In 1956 Egyptian leader General Nasser took control of Canal Zone.
-France, Britain and Israel decided to regain control.
-Israeli forces attacked Egypt.
-The solution was found by Lester Pearson, Canada's secretary of state for external affairs. Pearson called for an immediate end to all shooting.
-Canada provided 800 soldiers.
-Pearson awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957. -
The Vietnam War
Song About the Vietnam War and Draft Dodgers-Vietnam War was a costly conflict that pitted the Communist regime of North Vietnam and its Southern allies (Viet Cong) against South Vietnam and the USA.
-Canada attempting to maintain neutrality (member of ICC).
-Canadian negotiators on American side.
-One Canadian exchanged messages between USA and North Vietnam.
-Canada sent aid to South Vietnam.
-Canada still trading with USA.
-Draft dodgers (conscripted soldiers) sought refuge in Canada. -
Diefenbaker, Bomarc Missiles And Nuclear Warheads In Canada
-John Diefenbaker was Canada's 13th Prime Minister (leading the Conservative party), serving from June 21, 1957 to April 22, 1963.
-He cut taxes, helped farmers and raised seniors' pensions.
-Got rid of the Avro Arrow, replacing it with American Bomarc missiles.
-Warheads (a type of explosive) were not allowed into Canada.
-This limited American control of when Canadian missiles could be used.
-During the Diefenbaker years, unemployment increased and the economy slowed down. -
Sputnik And Canada's Space Program
CBS Special News Report on Sputnik
The Soviets launched the first Sputnik satellite. The rocket that put Sputnik in orbit around Earth could also be used to deliver nuclear warhead to any spot in North America. Fearing that the military advantage had shifted to the soviets, the Americans replaced their fleet of bomber aircraft with missiles. The Soviets responded by also building missiles. -
Continental Alliances: NORAD And DEW Line
The North American Air Defence (NORAD) agreement was signed in 1958. By these terms, Canada and the USA agreed to defend each other. Canada permitted the Americans to build several defence installations in the Northwest Territories to create the Distant Early Warning system (the DEW line). High-powered radar antennae at stations along the DEW line can pick up approaching enermy aircraft and missiles from 4,800 km away. If an unidentified object is detected, station personnel alert NORAD. -
The Avro Arrow And Its Cancellation
-Avro Arrow was a technically advanced fighter jet developed and built by Canadians.
-Delta-winged interceptor aircraft, designed and built by Avro Canada as the culmination of a design study that began in 1953.
-Considered to be an advanced technical and aerodynamic achievement, it was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force's primary interceptor.
-Cancelled by Diefenbaker.
-Cancellation cost 14,000 Canadians their jobs. -
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Documentary on the Cuban Missile Crisis-World on brink of war because American spy planes had photographed the construction of Soviet missile sites in Cuba.
-From Communist Cuba, missiles could hit any North American city accurately.
-US President Kennedy imposed naval blockade.
-Canadian government suggested examination of suspected missile bases.
-Soviet ships turned back before reaching the blockade and the Cuban Missile Crisis was over. -
The Canadian-Soviet Hockey Series
Paul Henderson Scoring the Winning Goal
-Canadian hockey teams not able to beat European teams in Olympics and World Championships (especially those from Russia).
-In 1972, a series was organized between the top Russian team and a Canadian team composed of NHL players.
-In the final game in Moscow, Paul Henderson scored the goal that gave Canada the series. -
The Fall Of The Berlin Wall
The Fall of the Berlin Wall-Berlin Wall was the division between West Berlin and East Germany from 1961 to 1989 and the boundary between democracy and Communism.
-East Germans began to flee to the West.
-On November 9, 1989, an East German government official said the borders were open, and the wall slowly chipped away as the Germans celebrated their freedom.
-After the Berlin Wall came down, East and West Germany reunified into a single German state on October 3, 1990. -
The Fall Of The Soviet Union
The Collapse of the Soviet Union-USSR ceased to exist on December 26, 1991.
-Finalized by declaration number 142-H of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union acknowledging the independence of the twelve republics of the Soviet Union that created the Commonwealth of Independent States.
-On the previous day, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev had resigned.
-The Soviet flag was lowered for the last time and was replaced with the Russian tricolour.
