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Spanish Colonization of Texas
During the 1790s, Governor Cordero took a stand to protect Texas from invasion by the Anglos. This is because of the threat of expansion. His strategy focused on areas such as De Bexar, Espiritu Santo, Nacogdoches and Bayou Pierre in order for population growth and safety to the Texas frontier. Cordero struggled to manage Louisiana immigrants, because of the Native Americans. This decade played a role to the groundwork for safeguarding and developing Texas (108-110). -
Miguel Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores
On 9/16/1810 in the town of Dolores, Mexico Miguel Hidalgo made an announcement known as the "Grito de Dolores," which kickstarted the Mexican War of Independence. This declaration represented the aspirations of Mexico for freedom. It has become a symbol of Mexicos journey, towards independence. This significant proclamation marked the beginning of a struggle that embodied the spirit and unwavering determination of a nation striving for self rule. (116-117) -
Battle of Medina:
Near San Antonio on August 18 1811 there was a confrontation, between troops and rebel fighters known as the Battle of Medina. This battle played a role in the phases of the Mexican War of Independence.Ultimately the Spanish emerged victorious from this clash dealing a blow to the momentum of the Texas independence movement. The outcome of this defeat underscored the challenges faced by those fighting for autonomy during this era, in Mexican history. Battle known as bloodiest battle.(141) -
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Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
The Gutierrez Magee Expedition took place on the border, between Texas and Mexico from 1813 to 1814. It involved a mix of republicans and American filibusters with the goal of freeing Texas from control. Ultimately it led to the creation of the Republic of the North. This expedition highlighted alliances and conflicts within the fight, for Mexican independence emphasizing the intricate dynamics at play during this significant historical era. (119-125) -
Adam-Onis Treaty
In 1819 a treaty called the Adams Onís Treaty was signed, which had an impact, on the relationship between the United States and Spain. It was negotiated in Washington D.C.. It defined the border between Spanish Texas and the U.S.. As a result Florida was transferred to the United States. This diplomatic agreement brought about changes, in boundaries reflecting the shifting dynamics of North American politics during the early 19th century and influencing regional power structures. (107,127) -
Plan of Iguala
In Iguala, Mexico on February 24 1820 Agustin de Iturbide and a group of revolutionaries put forward the Plan of Iguala. This plan was a step, in advocating for independence and supporting the idea of a constitutional monarchy. Known as the deal of three guarentees. The proposal held importance as it envisioned Mexico as a nation and set the groundwork for the establishment of an independent country. It left a lasting impact, on Mexican history during a time of significant change. (129) -
Independence of Mexico
On September 27 1821 in Iguala, Mexico the unwavering dedication of Father José María Morelos and the Mexican rebels resulted in the overthrow of rule. Marked the birth of Mexican independence. Morelos impactful leadership played a role, in achieving freedom. This momentous occasion in history represented the culmination of a struggle for self governance highlighting the invaluable contributions made by individuals like Morelos to break away, from Spanish control. (129-130) -
Texas Representation in Iturbide's Imperial Congress:
During the year 1822 delegates, from Texas took part in Agustin de Iturbides Imperial Congress that was held in Mexico City. This important event happened while Iturbide served as the Constitutional Emperor of the formed Mexican Empire. The participation of representatives from Texas in the Imperial Congress showcases how actively involved the region was and how it integrated into the proceedings of the emerging nation, under Iturbides guidance. -
Stephen F. Austin's Empresario Grant
In 1824 Stephen F. Austin and the Mexican authorities worked together to obtain an Empresario Grant for the purpose of attracting settlers to Texas. This important moment marked the beginning of American colonization, in the area. Austins grant opened up a phase by encouraging people to move to Texas and setting the stage for changes, in demographics and culture as the region continued to evolve during this transformative era. -
The United Mexican States Constitution
On 10/4/1824 in Mexico City leaders of Mexico and a constitutional congress officially approved the adoption of the Constitution of the United Mexican States. This historic document served as the basis, for a republic. Provided a vital legal framework for Mexico as it gained independence. The establishment of this constitution was a milestone in shaping the governing structure and principles that would guide the United Mexican States through a phase of nation-building after independence.(138-9)