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Epic poem about a man named Beowulf who kills a monster named Grendel http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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The event that began the transition from Old English to Middle English was the Norman Conquest of 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded the island of Britain from his home base in northern France. http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_middle.html
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the middle age period historical context is a form of unifying all social classes. http://public.oed.com/aspects-of-english/english-in-time/middle-english-an-overview/
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The literary writings are in Old English. The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 is the beginning of the French domination in English letters. Chaucer's "The General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales" is the most influential work of fiction from the Middle Ages. Charecteristics of this period include diverse folk of many social classes,chivalry, and hero stories. https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/scott.windeatt/assignments/Avgousti_Maria%20Iosifina/AVGOUSTI_CALL1_PROGRAMMING/page3.html
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works include: Historia regum Britanniae (includes stories of Brute, great-grandson of
Aeneas, King Lear, Cymbeline, and Arthur) http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm -
Geoffrey Chaucer began writing his famous “Canterbury Tales” in the early 1380s. he wrote them in English. The “Canterbury Tales” is considered the first great works of English literature, and the first demonstration of Middle English. http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_middle.html
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works included: Troilus and Criseyde (Trojan prince Troilus pursues Cressida during Trojan War
truce; Pandarus helps them get together; her dad exchanges her for a Trojan prisoner;
Diomedes brings her to Greek camp and she is unfaithful, as Troilus's sister Cassandra
predicted; Troilus sees Diomedes with brooch he gave Criseyde and fights him in battle
but is killed by Achilles) http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm -
works include: Le Morte d'Arthur (Arthurian Legend - Camelot: King Arthur [based on 6th
century Celtic king, becomes king by pulling sword Excaliber from stone, dies on island of Avalon], http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm -
the historical context of the renaissance period is a rebirth of arts and literature. https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/scott.windeatt/assignments/Avgousti_Maria%20Iosifina/AVGOUSTI_CALL1_PROGRAMMING/page3.html
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The Renaissance in Europe was an awakening. They society re-invested in the promise of material and spiritual gain. There was the belief that humanity was making progress towards a perfect existence. Renaissance literally means rebirth because of its sparked interest in the arts. http://www.online-literature.com/periods/renaissance.php
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works include: A Garland of Laurel, Philip Sparrow, and Colin Clout http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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works include: All's Well That Ends Well, As You Like It Comedy of Errors, Cymbeline, Love's Labor's Lost, Measure for Measure, Merchant of Venice, Merry Wives of Windsor, Midsummer Night's Dream, Much Ado about Nothing, Pericles Prince of Tyre, Taming of the Shrew, The Tempest, Hamlet, Othello The Moor of Venice, King Lear, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, Romeo and Juliet, King John, Richard II, Richard III, and Henry IV. http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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william shakespeare was widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and is also a dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".
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this was an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed in 1611. https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/scott.windeatt/assignments/Avgousti_Maria%20Iosifina/AVGOUSTI_CALL1_PROGRAMMING/page3.html
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works include: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes, Lycidas, and Comus http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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the Neo-classical historical context is an intellectual movement of emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
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Period where social order was undergoing change. People believed that natural passions aren't necessarily good and that they should be subordinated to social needs and be strictly controlled. Authors believed that social needs are more important than individual needs and that man could find meaning in order -religious, social, the order of nature, government and literary forms. https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/scott.windeatt/assignments/Avgousti_Maria Iosifina/AVGOUSTI_CALL1_PROGRAMMING/page3.html
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The Royal society was created to further scientific study. http://faculty.winthrop.edu/fikem/Courses/ENGL%20203/203%20Neoclassical%20Period%20Handout.htm
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The Great Fire of London enabled Londoners to remake their city. In remaking the city, they attibuted more things to scientific studies and literature pertaining to the scientific world. http://faculty.winthrop.edu/fikem/Courses/ENGL%20203/203%20Neoclassical%20Period%20Handout.htm
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wrote The Compleat Angler or the Contemplative Man's Recreation http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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wrote an essay Concerning Human Understanding http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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wrote An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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the romantic historical context is the age of revolution. http://home.comcast.net/~stephen.gottlieb/romantic/periods.html
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The Romantic period was based on emotion, adventure and imagination. Gothic fiction was a big part of the romantic period, it is a genre that combines elements of both romance and terror. Chareteristics of gothic literature are terror, the supernatural , Gothic architecture, castles, doubles, death and secrets. https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/scott.windeatt/assignments/Avgousti_Maria%20Iosifina/AVGOUSTI_CALL1_PROGRAMMING/page3.html
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Caused a spark in the literary arts during the romantic era. Wars created interested in gothic novels, including dark and gloomy tone sets as well as mystery and passion.
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works include: Tintern Abbey and
Rime of the Ancient Mariner -
Two English poets, aged 27 and 25, sold some poems to pay for a trip to Germany. Soon after, Lyrical Ballads, with a few other poems, was published.The poets were Wordsworth and Coleridge and the work contains poems considered among the most important of the era.
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works include Eve of St. Agnes, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale, Endymion, Hyperion, La Belle Dame snas merci, Isabella or The Pot of Basil. http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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works include: mrs. dalloway, a room of ones own, to the lighthouse, the waves, the voyage out, orlando: a biography, the years, between the acts, jacobs room, three guineas, night and day, flush: a biography, a writers diary, moments of being, the common reader, monday or tuesday, a haunted house, and kew gardens http://www.online-literature.com/periods/modernism.php
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works include: Lady of the Lake, Ivanhoe, The Antiquary, The Bride of Lammermoor, Guy Mannering, The Lay of the Last Minstrel, Peveril of the Peak, Quentin Durward, Marmion A Tale of Flodden Field, The Talisman, and the Waverley Novels http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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The victorian historical context is the period in which queen victoria was the ruler of england. Society was held at a high standard and there was a strong sense of moral responsibitity. http://www.online-literature.com/periods/victorian.php
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The Victorian age the the time period in which queen Victoria was in charge. During the victorian age, the novel became popular. The style of writting varried among works, but most of the texts reflected the conservative social values and norms at the time. Novels were the ideal form to describe contemporary life and to entertain the middle class. Satire was also widely used in Victorian literature. http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/entertainment/english-literature-the-victorian-age.html
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The Victorian age began when Queen Victoria came to power. In many ways, the Victorian age reflected values that Queen Victoria herself upheld. These values included moral responsibility and domestic propriety. http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael9/section/volE/overview.aspx
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The 1840s became known as the "Time of Troubles" becuase of the huge role thatindustrialization was playing in victorian society. Industialization caused poverty. http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael9/section/volE/overview.aspx
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works include: Locksley Hall, In Memoriam, Idylls of the King,
The Lotus-Eaters,
The Lady of Shalott, The Charge of the Light Brigade, Crossing the Bar http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm -
works include:Bleak House, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, Our Mutual Friend, Barnaby Rudge, A Christmas Carol, A Tale of Two Cities, Dombey and Sons, Martin Chezzlewit, Little Dorrit, The Pickwick Papers, Nicholas Nickleby, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, Hard Times, and The Old Curiosity Shop http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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The Importance of Being Earnest,The Picture of Dorian Gray, and Salome http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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The historical context of Modern Period is marked by sudden and unexpected breaks with traditional ways of viewing and interacting with the world. http://www.online-literature.com/periods/modernism.php
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The death of Queen Victoria ended the Victorian period and gave way to the Modern Period. All forms of tradition were thrown out the door and modern ideals were incorperated. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/188217/English-literature/13007/Verse#toc13012
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The Modern period did not fint nature, human beings, or history to be important. Instead, the Modern period focused on machinery of modern society and is perceived as impersonal, War had a big impact on modernist writters. Characteristics of modern literature include opposition to traditional works. http://www.online-literature.com/periods/modernism.php
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World War I was seen as being so bad that many people felt as if there was no more hope for the future. Writers saw this as their oppertunity to adopt a modern sense of writting, straying from tradition. http://www.online-literature.com/periods/modernism.php
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works include: the old man and the sea, the sun also rises, a farewell to arms, for whom the bell tolls, a movable feast, to have and have not, across the river and into the trees, in our time, death in the afternoon, the garden of eden, islands in the stream, men without women, green hills of africa, the nick adam stories, and three stories and ten poems http://www.online-literature.com/periods/modernism.php
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works include: the way of white folks, the big sea, not without laughter, thank you m'am, mother to son, i wonder as i wonder, i too am america, my people, the first book of jazz, poems, the dream keeper, black misery and the negro mother http://www.online-literature.com/periods/modernism.php
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the Post-Modern historical context is britain going through WWII and getting bombed by the Germans. http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_modern.htm
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works include:lake isle of innisfree, adams curse, the rose tree, easter, 1916, the wanderings of oisin, the song of the happy shepherd, song of the old mother, and remorse for intemperate speech http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_modern.htm
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stream of consciousness
The Postmodern period was impacted from WWII. As a result of the horrors of the the war, writters of the postmodern period were far less dramatic and emotional than in previous literary periods. Charecteristics of postmodern literature include a stream of consciousness, are in the present tense, and are often detached, unemotional, and humorless. Postmodern literature is also known for its magic realism. http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_modern.htm -
Winston Churchill leads Britain through WW II, and the Germans bomb England directly http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_modern.htm
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works include: ulysses, dubliners, a portrait of the artist as a young man, finnegans wake, the dead, eveline, chamber music, pomes penyeach, the boarding house, stephen hero, giacomo joyce, finns hotel, and on isbem http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_modern.htm
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The British colonies demanded independence. This type of thinking and reasoning further inspired thoughts of war and postmodern thinking.
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works include: Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night, And Death Shall Have No Dominion, Fern Hill, A Child's Christmas in Wales, Clown in the Moon, A Letter to My Aunt, Before I Knocked, Love In the Asylum, A Process in the Weather of the Heart, Deaths and Entrances, and Especially When the October Wind http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_modern.htm
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The contemporary period historical context is a world growing smaller due to easy means of communications between societies. Its is also a world moving into a new century and millenium. adding onto this, medi culture is the center of human life.
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The contemporary period incorperates emotion and excitement into the literature of the time. this is neccessary because of the constant use of social media.Charecteristics of the contemporary period include the use of humerous irony, emotion-provoking texts, emphasized storytelling, autobiographical essays, mixing of fantasy with nonfiction, and the bluring of the lines of reality for reader. http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_contemporary.htm
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works include: death of a naturalist, human chain, the spirit level, district and cirle, opened ground, wintering out, seeing things, station island, the haw lantern, feild work, the cure at troy, electric light, door into the dark, the redress of poetry, sweeny astray, finders keepers, and the government of the tounge http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_contemporary.htm
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works include:the coast of utopia, lord malquist and mr. moon, if you're glad I'll be frank, conversations with stoppard, and after margritte http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_contemporary.htm
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works include: the pillars of the earth, fall of giants, winter of the world, world without end, eye of the needle, the key to Rebecca, lie down with lions, a dangerous fortune, on wings of eagles, triple, a place called freedom, the man from st. petersburg, the third twin, night over water, jackdaws, hornet flight, the hammer of eden, and code to zero http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_contemporary.htm
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works included: Dream of the Road, Christ, Exeter Book http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm
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The Old English historical context was the spread of literature and Christianity to Great Britain. http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_old.html
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After the Romans left Britain, the land was open to attacks. As a result, Germanic tribes invaded the lands and the Anglo Saxtons enforeced their language. https://courses.nuts.edu.sg/course/elltankw/history/oe.htm?
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The Celts and the early Anglo-Saxons used an alphabet of runes, angular characters originally developed for scratching onto wood or stone. However, with the arrival of Cristian missionaries, the roman alphabet was introduced. http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_old.html
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Cædmon's Hymn-
The oldest recorded Old English poem http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/britishlit.htm -
Almost all of the literature of this period was orally transmitted. As a result of this, Anglo-Saxon poetry tends to be highly rhythmical. Anglo-Saxon poetry creates rhythm through alliteration. The length of the line is determined by a pattern of stressed syllables that begin with the same consonant. As a result,, this form of poetry sounds more like a chant than a song. A majority of the literary works of this time were epics. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Anglo-Saxon_Poetry
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