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1509
Catherine of Aragon , Henry VIII first wife
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Period: 1509 to 1533
Catherine of Aragon marriage with Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon was Henry VIII’s first wife. He divorced her in 1533 after she failed to produce a male heir, leading him to break from the Catholic Church and form the Church of England. known as the Anglican Church -
Feb 18, 1516
Mary I
Mary I was, daughter of Catherine of Aragon and first queen regnant of England , she was also called Bloody Mary. -
1517
Martin Luther writes the Ninety-Five Theses
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1521
Martin Luther is excommunicated and declared a heretic
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1522
Martin Luther publishes German translation of the New Testament
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1526
William Tyndale
William Tyndale publishes English translation of the New Testament (The Tyndale Bible) -
1529
Pop rejected Henry’s petition for divorce
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1533
Henry Vlll marries Ann Boleyn
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Period: 1533 to 1536
Ann Boleyn
Anne Boleyn was the second wife of Henry VIII who was executed because she was suspected of adultery -
1534
Act of supremacy
Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England with Henry VIII as supreme head -
1536
Henry Vlll marries Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour was the third wife of Henry VIII , she died shortly after giving birth to Henry VIII's only surviving legitimate son, Edward VI. She stayed married to Henry VIII from 1536 - 1537. -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
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Oct 12, 1537
Edward VI
Son of Henry VIII and his third wife Jane Seymour, Edward succeeded his father in 1547 aged nine. But he died of tuberculosis before his sixteenth birthday in 1553. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
The Council of Trent
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Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign Of Edward VI
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1549
First Book of Common Prayer is published
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Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
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1559
The Act of Uniformity by Elizabeth I.
Religious beliefs were imposed, Every parish was required to use the Book of Common Prayer, and those who did not attend Anglican services were fined . -
1559
Second Act of supremacy
The Second Act of Supremacy was done by Elizabeth I. She abolished the authority of the Pope, restored the authority of the Queen over the Church, and became the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 Articles of Faith
Started the doctrine and religious beliefs of the Church of England. -
1567
James was proclaimed King of Scotland
He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots (who had been executed by Elizabeth) -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
The Northern Rebellion was a rebellion against religious reforms, involving 6,000 insurgents. There was also an attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth I with Mary, Queen of Scots. The revolt was led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland. -
1570
The excommunication of Elizabeth I
The excommunication of Elizabeth I was done by Pope Pius V, who issued a papal bull called “Regnans in Excelsis”, a formal document that declared Elizabeth a heretic and excommunicated her from the Catholic Church. -
Period: 1577 to
The repression of 26 years
163 persons were killed during The repression of 26 years. -
1581
1581 Act to Restrain the Queen’s Majesty’s Subjects in Their Due
Death penalty for any person converting to or already converted to Catholicism. It was now forbidden to participate in or celebrate the Catholic Mass. Anglican services were obligatory otherwise, individuals were fined. -
The Babington Plot
Conspiracy done by Young catholic who had sworn to kill Elisabeth and put Mary Scot’s on the throne. -
The execution of Mary queen of Scotland
Mary was the daughter of king James V of Scotland , she was a threat to Elizabeth because Mary was her cousin and a legitimate heir. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
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James l was crowned King of England
King James I of England and VI of Scotland, he strongly believed in the divine rights of the king. -
The gunpowder plot
It was a conspiracy led by a small group of Catholic people to blow up the parliament and King James l. -
Great Contract
King James tried to introduce a financial reform so that he would receive a fixed but the MP feared the king would no longer need to call Parliament anymore to get the money so the house of commons refuse to vote in favour of the great contract so James dismissed the Parliament -
Period: to
The Thirty Years’ War
Military defeats (Lord Buckingham, the King’s advisor became very unpopular)
England at war with Spain and France -
James summoned a parliament to ask for money for war
James wanted to ask money for The Thirty Years’War -
Parliament agreed to find the war on Spain
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James l death
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Charles l became king
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Petition of Rights
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Three Resolutions
MPs passed the Three Resolutions: Anyone promoting Catholicism or changing the Protestant Church was an enemy of the Kingdom. Anyone advising the King to collect taxes without Parliament’s approval was also an enemy. This angered King Charles
He Imprisoned the MPs and dissolved Parliament. And Declared there would be no more Parliaments, starting his Personal Rule. -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
It was 11 years when the king ruled without calling a parliament and it was also called the “ The Eleven Years Tyranny” -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis
The Scottish Crisis began in the 1630s when King Charles I tried to force a new prayer book on the Scots, which they rejected. In 1638, they signed the National Covenant to defend their religion, leading to the Bishops’ Wars (1639–1640), where Charles failed to defeat them. This weakened his authority. -
The Short Parliament
Needing money to fight the Scots, Charles called a parliament for the first time in 11 years but it was dissolved after only three weeks. -
Treaty of Ripon
It was a peace Treaty -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
Charles called Parliament again. The 1640 Parliament was determined to remedy 11 years of grievances and wanted to ensure regular parliaments.
They passed two acts ensuring that:
Parliament should meet at least every 3 years
The dissolution of Parliament required its consent -
The Irish Rebellion
Irish Catholic rebels rose up against Protestant settlers -
The Grand Remonstrance
Important document voted by Parliament after heated debates.
It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands:
the right of the House of commons to choose the King’s ministers
the right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland
the right for Parliament to reform the Church -
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest the 5 MPs
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Period: to
English Civil Wars
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Charles formally declared war on Parliament.
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Period: to
The First Civil War and the victory of Parliament
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The New Model Army
new army created by the Parliamentarians
Unlike the earlier regional armies, this was a national, centralized army, controlled and paid from Westminster rather than the counties -
King and the Royalists surrendered
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the New Model Army seized the King.
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the King escaped from army custody and allied himself with the Scots
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Monarchy and House of Lords abolished
England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic). -
King Charles I executed
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Period: to
The Commonwealth
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Period: to
The Interregnum
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Blasphemy Act
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The Instrument of Government
England’s first and only written constitution -
Cromwell dissolved the Parliament.
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end of the Commonwealth and start of the Cromwellian Protectorate
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Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
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Cromwell’s death
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Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda.
It promised:
A general amnesty (pardon)
To continue religious toleration
To share power with Parliament in return for the restoration of monarchy -
The Restoration
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The Act of uniformity
all ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer -
outbreak of Plague
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Great Fire of London
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The Popish Plot
plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II -
Period: to
The Exclusion crisis
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne -
Charles ll’s death
After his death, he was succeeded by his brother James ll -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was a key event leading to Britain’s transformation into a
Constitutional Monarchy -
Toleration Act
Established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants -
The Bill of Rights
limited the monarch’s power for the first time -
The Act of Settlement
Ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs it also put an end to the 16th and 17th quarrel between King and Parliament. A new balance of powers in favour of Parliament -
First Act of Union
First Act of Union that unites the kingdoms of England and Scotland, creating Great Britain