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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VII reign
The Break with Rome -
Oct 31, 1517
Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther
Proposal list written by Martin Luther that mark the start of the European Reformation
http://reverendluther.org/pdfs/The_Ninety-Five_Theses.pdf -
1526
Tyndale Bible
Publication of the New Testament translated in English by William Tyndale. -
1533
Henry VII marry Ann Boleyn
After the act in Restraint of Appeals, Henry VIII annulled his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and married Ann Boleyn -
1534
Act of supremacy
The king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England”
Separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church -
1536
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536-1537)
Rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire that last 6 months (ended in 1537). They demanded the restoration of the pope Mary Tudor as succession. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI reign
The young King -
1549
Book of Common prayers
Book of authorized prayers -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I
The Catholic Restoration -
Period: 1553 to
The Poor Laws
The poverty increased due to the rise in population, land enclosures, dissolution of monasteries and the Reformation (charity wasn’t a duty anymore). So in 1553, 1597 and 1601 laws were passed to help the «deserving poor». -
1555
Burnings of heretics (1555-1558)
Over 200 protesters went to the stake.
That's what earned her the nickname Bloody Mary. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I reign
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1559
The act of supremacy
- She became “ Supreme Governor of the Church of England”
- abolished the authority of the pope
- restored the authority of the queen over the Churched
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1559
The act of uniformity
- every parish had to use the book of common prayer
- people who did not attend an anglican service were fined
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1570
Excommunication of Elizabeth I
She was excommunicated by the pope Pius V -
1571
The 39 articles of faith
Written between 1536 and 1571
State the doctrine of the Church -
Babington Plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne. Their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
Mary Stuart’s execution
After the Babington plot, Mary Stuart was convicted for complicity and sentence to death.
She was wearing a red dress : the color of Catholic martyrs. -
Victory of England over the Spanish Armada
Spain attempted to invade England via a Naval battle. England won thanks to a material and men advantage.
It was during this battle that Queen Elizabeth gave the speech to the Troops at Tilbury. -
Period: to
James VI and I reign
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Gun powder plot
A Conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I.
The conspiracy was a failure and Guy Fawkes, who was keeping watch outside parliament was sentenced to death. -
Great contract
Financial reform that state that the king would receive fixed some. The House of the common people refused to ratafied -
Period: to
Thirty years war
The war is due to the religious conflict initiated by the 16th-century Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire.
War between Catholic powers and Protestant powers (including England) over the throne of Bohemia, Germany -
Period: to
Charles I reign
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Petition of Right
Wanted to get Charles I to recognize there was limits to his power (illegality of Extra-parliament taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial) -
Three Resolution
Declared that whoever tried to brig in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the kingdom. As well as anyone advising the king to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent -
Period: to
Personal Rule
Also called the “eleven years Tyranny”, period of time during which the King Charles I ruled over England without calling the parliament -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis
Rebellion that started by a riot in St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh after Archbishop Laud tried to impose Arminianism in Scotland (Calvinism). Soon Scotland and England both form an army and declared war : The Bishops’ War -
The Irish Rebellion
Irish Catholics rebelled against the plantation policy. 3000/4000 Protestants were massacred. A rumor spread saying that 200 000 Protestant had been violently massacred which fulled the anti-Catholic sentiment. -
The Great Remonstrance
Document voted by the Parliament which summarized all the wrong doing of the Charles I. It also concluded revolutionary demands : the right for the Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland, to reform the Church and to choose the King’s ministers(HC). Divided the Parliament between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. -
Catalyst of the Civil war
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest five members of Parliament. This failed and fearing for his life he left London. -
Period: to
First Civil War
War between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalist (Cavaliers). After the battle of Naseby (June 1645), the king surrendered to the Scots. With the New model army, the Parliamentarians won this first civil war. -
The Second Civil War
The Parliament didn’t pay their army which led to mutiny and the capture of the King by the soldiers. The King escaped and allied himself with the Scots. Royalist were easily defeated. -
Irish Rebellion
Led by Irish Catholics, it was crushed by Cromwell troops. This repression was particularly violent killing men, women and children. (Ex : Drogheda massacre, Wexford massacre) -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
Monarchy and House of Lords is abolished, the Commonwealth is declared. Ruled as a republic with Oliver Cromwell as head of the Commonwealth. -
King Charles I execution
Was put on trial for high treason and decapitated -
Scottish revolt
Charles II, son of Charles I and king of Scotland raised a Scottish army to invade England. This army was crushed by Cromwell and Charles II fled. -
The Instrument of Government
England’s first and only written constitution -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
A military dictatorship with Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector from 1653 to 1658.
Had a Parliament of 460 members elected every 3 years and a Council of state composed of 13 to 21 members who served for life. -
Restoration
After the declaration of Breda issued by Charles II which promised a general amnesty, to continue religious tolerance and to share power with Parliament if monarchy was restored. -
Period: to
Charles II reign (over England)
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Act of uniformity
All minister had to swear to conform to the book of Common Prayers -
Period: to
The Political crisis
The popish plot in 1678, a rumour of a plot divided by the French aiming to murder Charles II and place James II, his Catholics brother and rightfully heir, on the throne.
The exclusion crisis between 1679 and 1681 when the Parliament tried to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. After what Charles II dissolved the Parliament. -
The Glorious Revolution
James II was king for three years when his wife gave birth to a son (a male heir).
In reaction to that, the Parliament invited William of orange, the husband of James II’s Protestant daughter Mary. He landed with an army but no blood was shed and became King William III joint with Mary. -
The Bill of Rights
A key political text, listing King James’ misdeeds, fixing limitations on the sovereign’s power, setting out the rights of Parliament and some basics civil rights -
The Act of Settlement
Ensured a Protestant succession (ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs) -
Act of Union between England and Scotland
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scottish Parliament was disbanded and they gained 45 seats in the House of Commons along with 16 seats in the House of the Lord.