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Congress of Vienna
Italy is divided into small states under foreign control. The north is dominated by Austria. -
Foundation of Young Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini founds Young Italy, a nationalist movement aimed at unifying Italy. -
Revolutions in Italy
Revoltions erupt in several Italian states seeking independence and unity. They fail but strengthen the unification sentiment. -
Camillo di Cavour becomes Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia
Cavour promotes internal reforms and seeks international alliances to advance unification. -
Second Italian War of Independence
Piedmont-Sardinia, with French support, defeats Austria, liberating Lombardy. -
Expedition of the Thousand
Giuseppe Garibaldi leads military campaign in southern Italy, conquering Sicily and Naples. -
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
Victor Emmanuel II is proclaimed King of Italy. Most Italian states are unified, except for Rome and Venice. -
Third Italian War of Independence
Italy allies with Prussia against Austria. Venice is annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. -
Annexation of Rome
After the withdrawal of French troops, Italy takes Rome, which becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. -
Rome becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy
Unification is consolidated with Rome as the political center of power.