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Period: 1500 to
Slavery
Important is the inheritance of slave status (which was subhuman, animal status) through the one-drop rule; "children born to enslaved mothers would take the status of the mother" contrary to "traditional English common law that held that children take the status of the father" (Blay 2021). -
Period: to
Jim Crow Laws
“mandated racial segregation in all public facilities [including the military], with a supposedly ‘separate but equal’ status for black Americans" (Anon n.d.) -
Plessy v. Ferguson
“U.S. Supreme Court rules that ‘separate but equal’ treatment for blacks and whites under the law is constitutional, thus institutionalizing Jim Crow laws keeping the races apart in public facilities” (Anon n.d.)
- segregation of schools -> impact of opportunities -
Period: to
Mexican Repatriation
“a forced migration... when as many as one million people of Mexican descent were forced or pressured to leave the US. (The term "Repatriation," though commonly used, is inaccurate, since approximately 60% of those driven out were U.S. citizens.)... carried out by American authorities, took place without due process. The... targeted Mexicans because of ‘the proximity of the Mexican border, the physical distinctiveness of mestizos, and easily identifiable barrios’” (Anon n.d.) -
Period: to
GI Bill (discrimination period)
"Because the G.I. Bill was administered locally, states... discriminated against African Americans in their pursuit of higher education and in housing. In the South, African American veterans were not allowed to enter state universities, because of segregation." (Schneider n.d.)
"Fewer mortgages were granted to black Americans under the G.I. Bill than to any other racial group, [not because of] deliberate policy outcome of the bill itself" (Schneider n.d.) -
Literacy Tests for Voting
"used to disfranchise many literate blacks while allowing many illiterate whites to vote [racial vs class prejudice]. This was accomplished by making the test inordinately difficult and allowing test-givers to choose who had to take the test and who did not" (Anon n.d.)
- until Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
Anti-Miscegenation Laws (Inter-racial Marriage Laws)
"All anti-miscegenation laws banned the marriage of whites and non-white groups, primarily blacks, but often also Native Americans and Asians." (Anon n.d.)
- until Loving v. Virginia (1967)