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A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims. The Christians were fighting to reclaim their holy land of Palestine. It was an unsuccessful Crusades, but it expanded trade routes.
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The time of rebirth where people begin learning about the art, Romans, and the Greeks. It discovered the idea of humanism which is all about personal accomplishments. The Protestant religion came out of this time.
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A series of conflicted waged between the House of Plantagenet, rulers of England, and the French House of Valois. The war was fought for the rights to rule the Kingdom of France. Many allies were brought into this war from all sides.
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The black death or bubonic plague killed 25 million people and almost wiped out all of Europe's population. The disease spread from Mongolia to throughout Europe from trading. The plague was carried by the fleas that lived on rats.
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Zheng He's voyages were a part of the Ming dynasty. His original purpose of his voyage was to clear the seaway of pirates. After seven expeditions the rulers of the Ming Dynasty believed that they had killed all of the priates.
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A devout saint of God who was burnt at the stake for heresy charges. She helped to turn the war around by using her faith. Joan of Arc was 19 when she was burnt at the stake.
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At the start of the Italian Renaissance Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. It was the first press with metal interchangeable keys. Because of this invention, more people had a copy of the Bible.
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The city of Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman empire. This marked the end of the Byzantine empire. Constantinople went from being a Christian city to being run by a Muslim empire.
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The Spanish Inquisition was intended to wipe out all religions except for Catholicism. Jews and Muslim were targeted first then Protestants. You either converted or died.
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King Henry VIII took the throne at the age of 18 and married his brother's widow Catherine. He then went on to have six more wives after her. He broke off from the church and created a new one called the Church of England.
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In 1492 Christopher Columbus reached what he thought was the West Indies but was actually the Americas. He thought that he could find a new route to India by going west instead of east. He asked several kingdoms to fund his journey and everyone but Spain turned him down.
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The Columbian Exchange was the spread of disease, plants, and animals between the new and old world. The new world traded lots of things like turkeys, corn, chocolate, and potatoes. The new world gave the Americas thing like cattle, horses, wheat, and tomatoes.
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Sultan Suleyman had the longest reign of the Ottoman empire. "Suleyman the Magnificient" was famous for two reasons. He led the empire through a golden age and reformed the legal system.
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Leonardo da Vinci is the artist who painted the Mona Lisa. He also was an inventor and was curious in every subject. The Mona Lisa is easily the most famous portrait.
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It took Michelangelo 4 years to complete painting the Sistine Chapel. He is also known for his statue of David. Michelangelo is considered to be one of the greatest artists of his time.
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The Battle of Chaldiran was a war fought between the Ottomans and the Safavid empire. The Ottomans annexed eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq from Safavid, Iran. The land was then taken back by the Safavids and the Ottomans ultimately lost.
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Martin Luther wrote his theses about the things that the church was wrong. He then posted his work on the door to the Catholic Church. This act is what started the Protestant Reformation.
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In 1521 Hernan Cortez stormed Tenochtitlan and conquested the Aztec empire. He killed their emperor and then chaos erupted. War and disease broke out killing most of the population.
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Written by Niccolo Machiavelli was about the idea of humanism. It was very negative and about ruling with an iron fist. "The ends justify the means."
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In 1532, the Spanish conquistador Fransico Pizarro, reached land in the Inca empire. The Incas had previously had contact with the Europeans so when Pizarro much of the population had already died from diseases and a civil war. Pizarro manipulated both sides eventually, deafeating the empire.
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Queen Elizabeth was King Henry VIII's second daughter to take the throne. After the death of her sister Catherine Elizabeth took the throne and had one of the longest reigns in history. During her reign she solidified the Church of England.
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The Counter-Reformation all started when a group called the Council of Trent was formed. Also known as the Catholic Reformation, was a time for the church to gain people's trust agian. The first step was getting rid of indulgences.
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The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League. The treaty officially ended the religious struggle of choosing a religion. This allowed rulers to either choose Lutheranism or Roman Catholic.
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The Spanish Armada was a fleet of 30 ships that sailed out of A Coruna. They were under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia. The purpose was to escort an army away from Flanders to invade England.
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The Samurai were the highly trained warriors of Japan. They made up Japan's ruling military class which, became the highest-ranking social caste of the Edo period. When Japan was in their peaceful period the Samurai were not needed for battles anymore and many lost their jobs.
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It is believed William Shakespeare died on his birthday at the age of 52. He was a major influence in the Renaissance and wrote several plays that spoke to both the rich and poor. Humanism and tragedy were the main focus in his work.
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The Taj Mahal was commissioned to be built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. She was a Persian princess who died while giving birth to her son. The Taj Mahal is known as the "epitome of love" and is a monument of immeasurable beauty.
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The slave trade started because of the dying population of the Indians. The colonies needed people to work on their plantations so they headed to West Africa. During the Middle Passage of the Slave Trade over 15-20 million Africans were sold and sailed to the Americas.
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McCartney traveled to China to discuss trade with the Qianlong emperor. The emperor expelled him and put the city into isolation. No one to get in or e=leave without permisson from the emperor.
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The Opium Wars involving China and the British. The war started because of the Brish trade of opium and China's sovereignty. Because of the wars China's share of global GDP had fallen to half.
