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Period: 1096 to 1292
Crusades are Fought
War between Christians and Muslims. Christians tried to reclaim their holy land. Unsuccessful event but expanded trade routes -
1300
Renaissance Begins
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that initially began in Florence, Italy. But, it later spread throughout the rest of Europe. People experienced changes in art, learning, and many other things. -
1337
100 Year War Begins
It actually lasted 116 years, it was an epic conflict between France and its mightiest vassal England for the French kingdom. It started when Charles IV of France had died without a male heir and Edward III being the closest male relative to the king he thought that he had the right to the throne. But, French nobility, was not wanting the English king. -
1347
Black Death Begins
The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. Most sailors aboard the ships were dead, and those still alive were gravely ill and covered in black boils that oozed blood and pus. Sicilian authorities hastily ordered the fleet of “death ships” out of the harbor, but it was too late: Over the next five years, the Black Death would kill more than 20 million people in Europe almost one-third of the continent’s population. -
Period: 1405 to 1433
Zheng He's Voyages
Zheng He's was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa. He wanted to destroy the pirates to clear the seaway. -
1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
At age 18 she led the French army to victory over the English at Orléans and she was captured a year later. Joan was only 19 and was on trial for heresy. She was taken to the marketplace and burned in front of an estimated 10,000 people. -
1439
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
Gutenberg's movable type printing press initiated nothing less than a revolution in print technology. His press allowed manuscripts to be mass-produced at relatively affordable costs. The 42-line 'Gutenberg Bible', printed around 1455, was Gutenberg's most well known printed item. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The siege of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire and one of the most heavily fortified cities in the world. Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Turks, led the assault. They used huge cannon to destroy the walls, warships were used to the cut the city's sea defense. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
Mobs fueled by anti-Semitic preachers carry out pogroms in Sevilla, a city recently incorporated into the Christian kingdom of Castile, devastating one of Europe’s most vibrant Jewish communities. Those Jews who ostensibly convert to Christianity, often to escape persecution, come to be known as conversos. Some conversos go on to achieve high positions within the church and the government, but the group becomes the target of hatred and persecution by “old” Christians. -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Henry is best known for his six marriages, in particular his efforts to have his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, annulled.Henry made radical changes to the English Constitution, ushering into England the theory of the divine right of kings. -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, with three small ships, the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Nina. On October 12, the expedition reached land, probably Watling Island in the Bahamas. Later that month, Columbus sighted Cuba, which he thought was mainland China, and in December the expedition landed on Hispaniola, which Columbus thought might be Japan. He established a small colony there with 39 of his men. The explorer returned to Spain with gold, spices, and “Indian” captives in March 1493. -
Period: 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange explains why Indian nations collapsed and European colonies thrived after Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492. The Columbian exchange moved commodities, people, and diseases across the Atlantic. Widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade. -
Period: 1500 to
Slave Trade
The slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage. 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the New World. 10.7 million survived the dreaded Middle Passage, disembarking in North America, the Caribbean and South America. -
1506
Mona Lisa Completed 1506
an original oil painting on white, poplar panel. Leonardo da Vinci was commissioned to paint the piece in Italy. the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, Lisa Gherardini. -
1512
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
He worked for four years. It was so physically taxing that it permanently damaged his eyesight. Pope Julius II commanded Michelangelo to do it, which he did not want to do because he considered himself a sculptor, not a painter. -
Aug 23, 1514
Battle of Chaldiran
military engagement in which the Ottomans won a decisive victory over the Ṣafavids of Iran. and they went on to gain control of eastern Anatolia. The Safavids were dealt a devastating defeat that checked the westward advance of Shi'ism and decimated the ranks of the Turkic warriors who had built the Safavid empire. -
1517
Martin Luther post 95 Theses
Luther defiantly nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. Acting on this belief, he wrote the “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences,” also known as “The 95 Theses." Which is a list of questions and propositions for debate. -
Period: 1520 to 1566
Sultan Suleyman Reign
Süleyman succeeded his father as sultan in September 1520 and began his reign with campaigns against the Christian powers in central Europe and the Mediterranean. He undertook bold military campaigns that enlarged his realm. He also oversaw the development of what came to be regarded as the most characteristic achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of law, literature, art, and architecture. -
1521
Cortez Defeats Aztecs
The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was in 1521. led by Hernando Cortes, was a landmark victory for the European settlers. Following the Spanish arrival in Mexico, a huge battle erupted between the army of Cortes and the Aztec people under the rule of Montezuma. -
Aug 18, 1521
Cortes Conquers the Aztecs
The Spanish campaign against the Aztec Empire had its final victory on August 13, 1521. A coalition army of Spanish forces and native Tlaxcalan warriors led by Cortés and Xicotencatl. The Younger captured the emperor Cuauhtemoc and Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. -
1532
"The Prince"
Asserts that a prince must use cunning and ruthless methods to stay in power. Machiavelli believed politics had its own rules. The printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. -
Period: 1545 to
Counter Reformation
Also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was German and he was the one who started the process that would become the Reformation.Pope Paul III is considered to be the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. -
Period: Nov 17, 1553 to
Queen Elizabeth's Reign
Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor. During a period, often called the Elizabethan Age, when England asserted itself vigorously as a major European power in politics, commerce, and the arts. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth’s blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
Samurais were the warriors of premodern Japan. They later made up the ruling military class that eventually became the highest ranking social caste of the Edo Period. They began the country's first military dictatorship, known as the shogunate. -
William Shakespeare's Death
The cause of Shakespeare's death is a mystery. Two of his most famous plays are Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet, he also wrote many sonnets. He was sick before his death, and a month before his death, he signed a will leaving almost everything to his daughter Susanna -
Tajah Mahal Completed
The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Mumtaz Mahal was a Persian princess who died giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum -
Lord George McCartney Expelled
Macartney was created a viscount in the Irish peerage in 1792 and an earl in 1794. he was raised to the British peerage as Baron Macartney in 1796, just before his appointment as governor of the newly acquired colony of the Cape of Good Hope, in southern Africa. He retired in 1798 in ill health. -
Period: to
Opium War
The Opium War was two separate wars between China and Britain (1839-42) and then Britain and France between China (1856-60). The roots of the Opium War lay in a trade dispute between the British and the Chinese Qing Dynasty, the problem was that the Chinese would not buy British products in return. The East India Company and other British merchants began to smuggle Indian opium into China illegally, for which they demanded payment in silver.
