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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades
It is a holy war between christians and muslims. They killed/burned muslims people at the stake. They created torture methods to get information out of people and to "punish non believers". Lots of innocent people died. -
1337
100 year war
The hundred year war was 116 years. The war was fought between England and France. The war marked the highest point in chivalry and the downfall of it. France got the english continental and England kept ownership of the channel islands.France won the war. -
1343
Black Death
Killed a lot of people horrifically. It made people question the church. It caused flagellants to appear. It helped begin the renaissance. Mongols were probably the cause of the the spread as well as an increase on trade. -
1400
Renaissance
The French word for rebirth. Studied the romans and greeks. Created many amazing artists and art pieces. There was a cultural boom in the society. It was after the black death -
May 30, 1431
Joan of arc burned
Joan, a famous military leader that was burned at the stake. She was burned because of accusations that said she was a witch. She was 19 when she died. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing press
Johannes makes the printing press. He first printed the bible. He used movable letters. Made printed materials affordable. He published marco polo's book and inspired exploration. Inspired martin luther's 95 theses. -
Apr 29, 1453
Fall Of Constinople
The ottoman empire captured the capital of the Byzantine empire. It was a key event. It was a major trade route. It also marked the end of the Byzantine empire. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of Spanish Inquisition
Intended to maintain catholic orthodox. It was initially intended to find heretics. It evolved into convert or leave. It is cited in many literature as the repression and intolerance of religion. 3000-5000 people were executed. -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII
He had 6 wives. He expanded the royal power. He was an author and a composer. He is said to be very charismatic. He spent a lot of money. -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the new world
He sailed across the Atlantic. He set sail with three small ships. He led a total of 4 expeditions. He never accomplished his original goal. He was the first european to explore america. -
Period: 1500 to
Counter Reformation
It was a response to the Protestent reformation. People questioned salvation. Everyone was confused and had no trust. There were five major elements to it. Pope Paul III considered to be the first pope of the counter-reformation. -
Period: 1500 to
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries. However, the most significant immediate impact of the Columbian Exchange was the cultural exchanges and the transfer of people between continents. A byproduct of the Columbian Exchange was the Atlantic slave trade. -
1506
Mono Lisa Completed
Leonardo began the Mona Lisa around 1503. Leonardo lingered over it. People think that he worked on it in France. People debated about where it should go. It is currently in the louvre. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin luther posts 95 theses
Martin luther wrote the 95 theses and then posted them dramatically on the church's door. It was published by Johannes Gutenberg. They were complaints to the church. It inspired others to challenge the church. It inspired others to make their own religions instead of only following one. -
1521
Cortez Conquers Aztecs
It was a landmark victory for European settlers. The war was crucial to the development of the American land. Cortez founded the colony of new Spain in Mexico. Cortez held the Aztec ruler hostage. The Spanish had a feeling of supremacy towards the Aztecs. -
1532
The Prince
It was written in the vernacular. It was easily distributed. It contributed to the modern negative use of the words "politics" and "politician" in western countries. It was agreed that it was innovative. It has a theme of glory and survival. -
Period: Oct 7, 1533 to
Reign Of Queen Elizabeth
One of her nicknames was the Virgin queen. Depended heavily on a trusted group of advisors. She was more moderate in government than her siblings. She succeeded her half-sister to the throne. She was relatively tolerate religiously. Her reign is known as the Elizabeth era. -
Period: Jan 16, 1547 to
Ivan the Terrible's reign
Ivan conquered Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Sibir. He created a bureaucracy to administer the new territories. He transformed Russia from a medieval state into an empire. He is known for his paranoia and aggressiveness towards Russian nobility. He was popular with the commoners -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
A peace treaty between Charles V and the Schmalkaldic league. It ended the religious struggle. It allowed rulers to chose between Lutherism or Roman Catholicism. It established the "his region, his religion". It gave lutherism official status. -
Spanish Armada
Spanish fleet of 130 ships. The fleet failed multiple times. The purpose was to escort an army to invade England. They failed to temporarily anchor in the Solent. The armada dropped anchor in Calais. -
Edict Of Nantes
The king granted the huguenots rights. The king wanted to promote civil unity. He opened the path to secularism and tolerance. The edict separated cilvil and religious unity. It marked the end of religious wars in France. -
Period: to
Slave Trade
Involved the trading of africans mainly to America. It mainly used the triangular trade route. The Portuguese were the first to engage in the use of african slaves. The first africans to be imported to the english colonies were called indentured servants. Around 12 million africans were shipped. -
William Shakespeare's Death
He died on his 52nd birthday. The exact date is still unknown. He retired around 1610. A common theory about his death was that he caught a fever and died. He lived a relatively long life, the life span was 35. -
Petition of Rights
English document that made laws the king couldn't infringe on. It happened after the thirty year war. Parliament wouldn't give the king money. The king was forced to agree. The king ratified it on June 7th. -
King Charles the First Executed
Charles the first was beheaded on the 30th of January. He asked for two shirts so people wouldn't think he was shaking from fear. Only the people on the scaffold could hear his last speech. Charles said a prayer before he was beheaded. The executioner didn't say the thing you're supposed to say when you cut someones head off so he wouldn't be recognized. -
Period: to
Opium War
America got China addicted to opium and then china traded their gold and silver. China wanted the gold back. There were two opium wars the second one was from 1856 to 1860. China signed a treaty that gave the us a more favored position. It also added provisions for the british extraterritorially.
