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Biotech Timeline

By angelicah1122
  • 7000 BCE

    Yeast

    Yeast
    Yeast is one of the oldest microbes that have been exploited by humans for their benefit, the oldest fermentation was used to make beer in Sumeria and Babylonia as early as 7,000 BCE.
  • 6000 BCE

    Yogurt

    Yogurt
    Yogurt and cheese are made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by various cultures.
  • 200

    Human Genome Project

    Human Genome Project
    Completion of "rough draft" of the human genome in the {[Human Genome Project}].
  • 1200

    Algae & Cakes

    Algae & Cakes
    The Aztecs used Spirulina algae to make cakes

  • Cells

    Cells
    Cells are first described by Robert Hooke.

  • Bacteria & Protozoa

    Bacteria & Protozoa
    Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa.

  • Smallpox Vaccine

    Smallpox Vaccine
    English surgeon Edward Jenner pioneers vaccination and inoculates a child with a viral smallpox vaccine.

  • Fermentation

    Fermentation
    Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.

  • Laws of Inheritance

    Laws of Inheritance
    Gregor Mendel discovers laws of inheritance.

  • Nuclein

    Nuclein
    Friedrich Miescher reported nuclein,which is a compound that consisted of nucleic acid that he extracted from white blood cells.

  • Microbial Life Comes From Preexisting Life

    Microbial Life Comes From Preexisting Life
    Pasteur of France and John Tyndall of Britain demolished the concept of spontaneous generation and proved that existing microbial life came from preexisting life.

  • Staining Bacteria

    Staining Bacteria
    Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria for identification.

  • Vaccines & Chickens

    Vaccines & Chickens
    Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens.

  • First Rabies Vaccine

    First Rabies Vaccine
    Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister.

  • First Cancer Causing Virus

    First Cancer Causing Virus
    American pathologist Peyton Rous discovers the first cancer-causing virus.

  • "Biotechnology"

    "Biotechnology"
    Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer first uses the word biotechnology.

  • Penicillin

    Penicillin
    Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: penicillin.

  • Purifying Penicillin

    Purifying Penicillin
    A team of researchers at Oxford University find a way to purify penicillin and keep it stable.

  • The Structure of DNA

    The Structure of DNA
    James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the structure of DNA.

  • First Kidney Transplant

    First Kidney Transplant
    Dr. Joseph Murray performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins.

  • The Jellyfish Aequorea Victoria

    The Jellyfish Aequorea Victoria
    Dr. Osamu Shimomura discovers the green fluorescent protein in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and later develops it into a tool for observing previously invisible cellular processes.

  • Mumps Vaccine

    Mumps Vaccine
    Dr. Maurice Hilleman develops the first American vaccine for mumps!

  • First Successful Recombinant DNA

    First Successful Recombinant DNA
    Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment, using bacterial genes.

  • Recombinant DNA

    Recombinant DNA
    Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer develop a new technique for splicing together strands of DNA from more than one organism. The product is called recombinant DNA (rDNA).

  • Awards for Gene Cloning

    Awards for Gene Cloning
    The U.S patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.

  • Human Insulin

    Human Insulin
    Humulin, Genentech's human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

  • PCR is conceived.

    PCR is conceived.
    The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is conceived by Kary Mullins

  • First Federally Approved Gene Therapy

    First Federally Approved Gene Therapy
    First federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder.

  • "Flavr Savr" Tomato

    "Flavr Savr" Tomato
    The United States Food and Drug Administration approves the first GM food: the "Flavr Savr" tomato.

  • First Polio Vaccine

    First Polio Vaccine
    Dr. Jonas Salk develops the first polio vaccine, marking the first use of mammalian cells (monkey kidney cells) and the first application of cell culture technology to generate a vaccine.

  • Dolly the Sheep

    Dolly the Sheep
    British scientists , led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells.

  • Marmosets That Glow

    Marmosets That Glow
    Sasaki and Okana produce transgenic marmosets that glow green in ultraviolet light and they pass the trait onto their offspring.

  • "Synthetic Life"

    "Synthetic Life"
    Dr. J. Craig Venter announces completion of “synthetic life” by transplanting synthetic genome capable of self-replication into a recipient bacterial cell.

  • Complete Fetal Genome

    Complete Fetal Genome
    Researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle announce the successful sequencing of a complete fetal genome using snippets of DNA floating in its mother’s blood.

  • Detection of Cancer

    Detection of Cancer
    Researchers in Sweden develop a blood test that can detect cancer at an early stage from a single drop of blood.