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The Battle of Panipat, on April 21, 1526, marks the beginning of the Mughal Empire. The forces of Babur, a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan, defeat the Lodi Empire of Northern India.
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Due to instability within the empire, Babur's death in 1530 leads to difficulties with his son Humayun's succession.
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Some of the nobles instead try to install Humayun's uncle, Mahdi Khwaja, and, though they are defeated, it signals Humayun's weakness
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Humayun takes refuge with the Safavid rulers in Persia, which serves to create a strong bond with the two dynasties
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On July 23, 1555, Humayun takes advantage of the deaths of both Sher Shah Suri and his son and successor, Islam Shah, to march an army provided by his Persian allies back to India.
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On November 5, 1556, under Bairam Khan, the Mughal army defeats the Surs and solidifies Akbar's control.
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. On January 31, 1561, under the guidance of his mother and other supporters, Akbar strips Bairam Khan of the regency, and Khan is assassinated on a journey to Mecca.
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Jahangir succeeds as emperor, thanks to the immense support of the harem women. His eldest son, Khusrau Mirza, unsuccessfully rebels against him.
