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Japanese attack Pearl Harbor. Ten hours later, across the date line (December 8), they attack Clark Field in the Philippine Islands. In the days that follow, Japanese ground forces under the command of Lt. General Masaharu Homma begin landing in the Philippines
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General Douglas MacArthur orders the evacuation of Manila, the removal of headquarters to the island of Corregidor and the withdrawal of troops to Bataan.
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Philippine president Manuel Quezon proposes that America grant independence to the Philippines and that the Philippines surrender, assuming neutral country status. President Franklin Roosevelt rejects this proposal.
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Under orders from President Roosevelt, MacArthur leaves the Philippines for Australia. President Quezon has already left. Video
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The sixty-five mile death march from Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga begins. Hundreds of Americans and thousands of Filipinos die from starvation, thirst, disease and random execution throughout the six- to nine-day trek. Prisoners are interned at Camp O'Donnell. In the first two months, 1500 U.S. POWs and 15,000 Filipino POWs perish from starvation, disease and abuse.
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Filipino POWs are paroled from Camp O'Donnell; many join guerrilla forces to fight the Japanese. American POWs are transferred from Camp O'Donnell to Cabanatuan -- the largest POW camp in the Philippines and the largest U.S. POW camp on foreign ground. An estimated 9,000 American soldiers will pass through Cabanatuan. In the month of June 1942 alone, 503 POWs die in Cabanatuan.
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The first Hell Ship leaves the Philippines. The Japanese use unmarked tankers through the duration of the war to transport POWs to slave labor camps in Asia. Conditions are inhuman; thousands of men die.
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Club Tsubaki opens. Club owner Claire Phillips, a suburban housewife from Portland, Oregon, goes undercover and is able to discover information on Japanese activities, which she supplies to local guerrillas. Video
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The War Ministry in Tokyo issues the Kill-All policy -- a policy to annihilate all remaining POWs.
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A Japanese Air Force Vice Admiral orders the formation of Kamikaze squads to commit suicide attacks on the enemy.
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MacArthur returns to the Philippines, wading to shore on the island of Leyte. Video