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Counter reformation
The goal of much art in the Counter-Reformation, especially in the Rome of Bernini and the Flanders of Peter Paul Rubens, was to restore Catholicism's predominance and centrality. This was one of the drivers of the Baroque style that emerged across Europe in the late sixteenth century. -
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What was happening during the baroque period politically.
During the period, political change brought the consolidation of absolute monarchies. In order to display the power and grandeur of the centralized state, baroque palaces were built on a monumental scale. An example of this practice is the royal palace and gardens at Versailles, in France. -
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What was happening in society during the baroque period
European nations became involved with foreign trade and colonization, and the growth of a new middle class breathed life into an artistic culture long dependent on the whims of church and court. Life during the Baroque period was based on one's class. At the top were the nobility, living lavishly. -
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Scientific revolution
The Scientific Revolution, which laid the foundation for modern science, began around 1600. It was a fundamental change in the way to study nature, with systematic experiments, documentation of results, and the use of mathematics to describe the workings of the physical world. -
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What was happening culturally during the Baroque period
It was a time of great cultural and artistic achievement, with a focus on dramatic expression, grandeur, and ornate detail. Baroque art and architecture featured elaborate designs, rich colors, and dramatic lighting. The period also saw the rise of opera and the development of new musical forms. -
Telescope
While there is evidence that the principles of telescopes were known in the late 16th century, the first telescopes were created in the Netherlands in 1608. Spectacle makers Hans Lippershey & Zacharias Janssen and Jacob Metius independently created telescopes. -
Microscope
Two Dutch spectacle-makers and father-and-son team, Hans and Zacharias Janssen, create the first microscope. -
Situation of the peasantry
In the industrial and commercial fields, mercantilist ideas, encouraged by the government, were prominent from the 1660s. The situation of the peasantry was thoroughly unfavourable. Tentative measures in the reigns of Leopold I and Charles VI to protect the peasants had little effect. -
Universities
After the victory of the Counter-Reformation, education was almost exclusively in the hands of the Roman Catholic Church. The grammar schools of the religious orders, especially of the Jesuits and the Benedictines, set a very high standard for the most part. In 1677 another university was established at Innsbruck, the theological school of which was to acquire some fame. -
End of the baroque period
In the same respect, the year 1750 is considered the end of the Baroque due to the death of Johann Sebastian Bach.