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Jean Marc Gaspard
He attempted to teach and train Victor the “wild boy of Aveyron” He was a psychiatrist. -
Eugene Bleuler
Eugene Bleuler invented the name Autism when referring to his withdrawn schizophrenic patients. He stated that autism presented the loss of contact with reality while indulging in a bizarre e fantasy. -
Eugene Bleuler
Eugene Bleuler defined autism as escape from reality. -
Prevalence
1940s=> 4 or 5 in 10,000 for decades -
Period: to
1940 to 1960
During those two decades, parents believed that they were at fault of their children’s disorder. -
Period: to
Causes
During those two decades, the coldness of the mothers were believed to the cause of their children’s disorder. They were called refrigerator mothers in the 1950s -
1943
Leo Kanner, an American child psychiatrist studied 11 children. Those children had difficulties if routines were interrupted. The showed good memory, has sensory problem especially sound. They had echolalia (repeating words of the speaker), and showed difficulty when transitioning from one activity to another if it was not part of the routine. -
1944
Hans Asperger worked separately from Kanner. However, he found similarities between the children he studied for and the children Kanner described. The exceptions were, they are verbal, but clumsy. They are however different than typical developing children in terms of fine -
Treatments/Interventions
Counseling to the mothers and play therapy to the children -
Period: to
1960s to 1970s
People are more aware of the autism disorder. After doing some researches, they came up with treatments such as LSD, electric shock, and behavior change techniques. And pain and punishment. -
1964
Bernard Rimland, a psychologist who had a child with autism disagreed that parents cause the disorder. He published “Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior” to discuss about his findings. -
Causes
Bernard Rimland published the book infantile Autism: The Syndrome and its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior. This book explained that the cause of Autism is not the mothers but it is caused by biological issues. -
Treatments/Interventions
Bernard Rimland suggested diets that can be used to avoid the side effects of toxins for individuals with ASD. -
1967
Bruno Bettelheim studied children he believed were autistic. He thought that the cause of the children’s behavior was the coldness of the mothers. He worked with Kanner and made the correlation between autistic children and their frigid mothers. -
1977
Research finding’s result showed that autism is caused by genetics and biological differences in the brain development. -
1980
Lorna Wing and Christopher Gilberg found the Wing’s triad of disturbed mutual contact, disturbed mutual communication, and limited imagination. About a decade later, the limited planning ability was added -
Period: to
1980s to 1990s
Behavior therapy and structured environment became a big deal to help individuals with autism. -
1987
Ivar Lovaas, PhD. A psychologist published a finding that behavior therapy can help children with autism -
1988
The movie Rain Man starring Dustin Hoffman was an awareness of the Autism disorder. -
Mid-1990
10 in 10,000 and 22 per 10,000 for pervasive development disorder (PDD) -
1991
Autism is now categorized as a part of a special education and children with autism in the public school system are being served. -
1994
The introduction of Asperger’s Syndrome to the DSM. -
Causes
A study published in The Lancet suggests that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism. It was debunked later on. -
2000
Thimerosal (mercury based preservative) is removed from vaccines that are given to children. -
2002
Lovaas wrote, Teaching Individuals With Developmental Delays: Basic Intervention Techniques. He targeted children less than 5 years of age -
Treatments/Interventions
Planned sensory experiences (e.g. swinging, deep-pressure touch, tactile stimulation). Sensory simulation (e.g. brushing the arms, back and legs) -
Period: to
Treatments/Interventions
Drugs that have been used to treat other psychological symptoms have been used with individuals with ASD to manage attention, aggression, irritability, and self-injury. -
Causes
Caused by neurogical disorder that is influenced by both environmental (in-utero included) and genetic factors. -
Prevalence
1 in 150 in 2007 for ASD. -
2009
1 in 110 children have ASD according to the U>S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -
Prevalence
1 in 110 children have ASD according to the U>S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. -
Prevalence
1 in 111 for PDD -
Interventions/Treatments
Diets: considered as complementary and alternative medical. Special diets supervised by physicians who knows about nutrition and its side effects (e.g. gluten) -
2013
ASD is defined by two categories: Social communication or/and interaction deficiency and restricted and or repetitive behaviors. -
Causes
According to Brian M.D’Onofrio, PhD, Martin Ricket, PhD, and Emma paternal age at childbearing is also associated with increased genetic problem and one of them Is Autism.(JAMA Psychiatry)
