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Autism approached from a psycholanalytic perspective
Treatments for autism are based in psychoanalysis -
Kanner
Leo Kanner published "Autistic Disorders of Affective Contact" and uses the term "infantile autism" Coined the phrase "refrigerator mother" -
Asperger
Hans Asperger used the term autism to describe children in Vienna who lacked an understanding of social cues and displayed repetitive behaviors but had more linguistic capabilities than those described by Kanner. -
Bruno Bottleheim treats children at The Orthogenic School
Bottleheim grabbed onto Kanner's term "refrigerator mothers" and based his treatment on it. He separated children from their parents and presecribed psychoanalytic treatment for the mothers -
Skinner publishes "Verbal Behavior"
BF Skinner publishes "Verbal Behavior" which becomes basis for some autism interventions (especially Carbone) -
LSD experimentally used
During the 1960s LSD is used experimentally to treat autism -
Creak proposes scale for autism diagnosis
Creak proposes a 9 point scale for more objectively diagnosing autism, which is validated in 1969. However, little attention is paid to it. -
Autism included in ICD-8
autism is first included in the Internationl Clssification of Diseases (ICD) -
TEACCH intervention
Dr. Eric Schoppler develops the TEACCH approach for teaching children with autism
This approach is still used today -
Rimland neural theory
Dr. Bernard Rimland publishes "Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and its Implications for neural theory of behaviour" but his idea that the cause is based in biology is not listened to. -
Rutter & Folstein twin study
Rutter and FOlstein conduct a twin study and conclude that there is a genetic influence in autism -
Autsim included in DSM - III
autism is included for hte first time in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) -
Lovaas - Discrete Trial Intervention
Lovaas effectively treats children with autism using early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) which utilizes discrete trial training -
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
ADOS is the first validated autism diagnostic test and allows autism to be diagnosed at age 2 -
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Advancement in genetic methods further autism research
Advances in genetic methods make it possible to look for small egnetic differences, leading to discovery of genetic links to austism -
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fMRI used to identify brain regions that differ in individuals with autism
The development of and advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging make it possible to identify spcific regions of the brain which is used to identify differences in individuals with autism. -
DSM-IV
Diagnostic criteria for autism is reviwed in DSM-IV -
Wakefield links MMR vaccine to autism
Dr. Andrew Wakefield publishes an article in The Lancet claming a link between the MMR vaccine and autism, which is later found fraudulent. -
MMR link retracted
An investigation by Deer finds that Wakefield distorted his findings. Scientists retract the conclusion linking the MMR vaccine to autism. -
ICD-10
HE ICD, including autism, is revised. -
ASD - DSM5
Major revisions in the DSM diagnoastic criteria result in autism and related disorders (including Aspergers) falling under the umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
