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Alan Turing
publishes the paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", introducing the Turing Test, a method to determine whether a machine can think like a human. -
Dartmouth Conference
This event is considered the formal birth of AI as an academic field. John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon were the main organizers. The term "artificial intelligence" was coined during this conference. -
Early AI Programs
Programs like the Logic Theorist and General Problem Solver (GPS), developed by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, were created to solve mathematical and logical problems. -
Joseph Weizenbaum
creates ELIZA, a natural language processing program that simulates a conversation with a psychotherapist, one of the first examples of AI in communication. -
Symbolic AI and Expert Systems
Expert systems like MYCIN, a system designed to diagnose infectious diseases, are developed. These systems used production rules and symbols to make decisions. -
Neural Networks and Backpropagation
Geoffrey Hinton, David Rumelhart, and Ronald Williams develop the backpropagation algorithm, improving the training of neural networks and marking a key advance in machine learning. -
Deep Blue
by IBM defeats the world chess champion, Garry Kasparov, marking a milestone in machines' ability to surpass humans in complex tasks. -
AI and Big Data
The rise of cloud computing and the increase in available data lead to significant advancements in machine learning, speech recognition, and image recognition. -
Deep Learning Revolution
AlexNet, a deep neural network, wins the ImageNet competition by a large margin, demonstrating the power of deep neural networks for image recognition. -
AlphaGo by DeepMind
(Google) defeats the world champion of Go, Lee Sedol, showing AI’s ability to master complex strategy games. -
AI in Everyday Life
AI starts to be integrated into areas such as autonomous driving, virtual assistants, healthcare, education, and entertainment, transforming various industries.