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Paris Salons
Wealthy women would host parties in their drawing rooms to discuss Enlightenment ideas; these rooms were called salons. -
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All About Baroque
Baroque, a style of extravagant music and architecture that dominated European art, was very popular during the 1600s. Because of Enlightenment ideas, this type of art became simple, leading to the neoclassic era. -
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Music
Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven in Vienna, Austria were important people in developing music during the Enlightenment era. Hadyn, known for the symphony and sonata, was the most important when it came to creating new styles. Mozart, who started composing music at age 12, and Beethoven both showed a large range in their work also. -
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Upcoming Writing and Novels
Writing styles and literature forms were thriving tremendously during this time. Several European authors started to write novels. These novels were mostly long works of prose fiction, books written with language in its ordinary form, and these became very popular among the middle- class. -
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Monarchy
The Enlightenment movement swept across royal courts in Europe. Philosophers believed monarchy, a form of government with a monarch at the head, with a ruler who respects the people's rights was the best form of government. The monarchs who embodyed these ideas were known as enlightened despots, despot meaning absolute ruler. -
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King of Prussia
Frederick II believed he had to enlighten his people, cultivate their manners and morals, and make them happy. King Frederick II committed his time as king trying to reform Prussia. He granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, and improved education. He didn't agree with some characteristics of the Prussian rules, but he didn't do anything to fix them. -
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The Encyclopedia
Diderot, who first published the Encyclopedia, angered the French government and Catholic Church because it expressed views from the Enlightenment thinkers. His works were banned because it included 'moral corruption, irreligion, and unbelief.' But he pressed on, and new volumes came out regularly under his editorship until 1772. -
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Catherine the Great
Catherine ensured that Russia would be reformed. She allowed religious tolerance, capital punishment, and abolished torture. In 1773, her enlightenment ideas were changed due to the uprising of serfs. Her army destroyed the rebellion. Beforehand, Catherine the Great favored ending serfdom, but the rebellion convinced her differently. She thought she needed the aid of nobles, giving them complete control over the serfs. -
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First Partition of Poland
In 1772 Prussia, Russia, and Austria each took a piece of Poland; this was called the First Partition of Poland. Partitions in 1793 and 1795 took over the remaining land of Poland. The partitions cut Poland off of European maps and took its independence, which they gained back after WWI. -
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The King of Austria
Joseph II, also known as the most radical ruler, made a lot of legal reforms and freedom of the press. Joseph II supported a vast variety of religions, abolished serfdom, and ensured that laborers were paid for their work. Though he made great changes, many didn't agree with them, so we he died, they were all undone.