Art History Timeline - Briana Galmitz

Cave Art

40,000 BCE

"Cave art" - describe any kind of man-made image on the walls, ceiling or floor of a cave or rock shelter.
In connection with Stone Age art created during the last Ice Age, between about 40,000 and 10,000 BCE
Cave art embraces five different types of art, as follows. (1) Hand prints and finger marks. (2) Abstract signs. (3) Figurative painting. (4) Rock engraving. (5) Relief sculpture.

Ivory Carving

38,000 BCE

The ivory carving known as the Lion Man of Hohlenstein-Stadel is carved. The earliest Asian art emerges as well.
Ivory is a type of dentine - a hard, dense bony tissue which forms most of the teeth and tusks of animals - which has been used for millennia as a material for carving sculpture

Venus Figurines

37,000 BCE

In archeology, the term "Venus Figurines" is an umbrella description relating to Stone Age statuettes of women, created during the Aurignacian or Gravettian cultures of the upper Palaeolithic

Perigordian Era

33,000 BCE

Beginning of Perigordian culture. Derived from the earlier Mousterian, practised by Homo neanderthalensis, it employed Levallois flake-tool technology, producing serrated stone tools as well as a flint blades known as "Chatelperron points".

France Cave Art

30,000 BCE

Important animal & figurative carvings
- Chauvet cave paintings

Charcoal Drawings

26,000 BCE

Gabarnmang charcoal drawing (carbon-dated to 26,000 BCE) in Arnhem Land.

Gravettian Art

25,000 BCE

Gravettian art begins. Practiced in eastern, central and western Europe, the signature tool was a small pointed blade with a blunt but straight back - called a Gravette Point.
The art of the Gravettian era is characterized above all by its small scale mobiliary art

Ancient Pottery

18,000 BCE

Xianrendong Cave Pottery - the world's most ancient pottery from Jiangxi, China.

Magdalenian Art

15,000 BCE

Magdalenian art begins, the final major culture of the Upper Paleolithic, practised by Homo Sapiens across western and central Europe, as the Ice retreated northwards.

Earliest Japanese Art

14,450 BCE

Earliest Jomon pottery, Odaiyamamoto I site, Japan. Earliest known Japanese Art.

Oldest Swiss Art

10,000 BCE

The Venus of Monruz: One of the last and smallest Venus Figurines to be carved during the era of Paleolithic art
Oldest art in Switzerland. End of Paleolithic art. End of the last Ice Age.

Mesolithic Era

10,000 BCE

Mesolithic Era Begins
The Mesolithic is a transitional era between the chipped-tool, hunter-gatherer culture of the Upper Paleolithic, and the polished-tool, farming culture of the Neolithic. Went from hunting/gathering to agriculture. Start of Chinese Pottery

Cave of the Hands

9500 BCE

Cueva de las Manos (Cave of the Hands), stencils, paintings, Argentina, the most famous example of Mesolithic art in the Americas.

Neolithic Era

8000 BCE

Neolithic Era begins in Middle East and Southeast Europe
Tassili-n-Ajjer rock art, Algerian paintings and petroglyphs.

Wood Carving

7500 BCE

Shigir Idol, the world's oldest surviving wood carving of a human figure.

Neolithic Art in China

7000 BCE

Beginning of Neolithic Art in China
The major form of Neolithic art was ceramic pottery. Oven-fired pottery appears in Mesopotamia where farming begins.
People settle on the banks of the River Nile.

Goddess Terracotta Figurine

5500 BCE

Goddess terracotta figurine, Catal Huyuk, Anatolia, an early example of religious art.

Neolithic Era in Europe

4000 BCE

Neolithic Era begins in Northern & Western Europe
A much more settled form of existence, based on farming and rearing of domesticated animals, as well as the use of polished tools.
Jade carving begins in China, as does Chinese lacquerware and silk production.

Mesopotamian Civilization

3500 BCE

Mesopotamian civilization begins (Iraq). The emergence of Uruk, a first city-state. First wheeled vehicles appear in Europe.
Ancient Persian art includes the intricate ceramics from Susa and Persepolis. Oldest known prehistoric bronze sculptures produced in the Maikop culture of the Russian North Caucasus

Hieroglyphs

3300 BCE

Sumerian civilization (S. Iraq). First writing system (hieroglyphs)

Egyptian Tomb

3200 BCE

Egyptian art and civilization begin. The building of Newgrange Megalithic Tomb begins.
Sumerian civilization develops its own monumental architecture - a type of stepped pyramid called a ziggurat, built from clay-fired bricks.

Bronze Age

3200 BCE

Metallurgy develops, as does Bronze Age art. The more complex copper-and-tin bronze casting techniques appear in the Indus Valley Civilization of India during the period.

Egyptian Wall Paintings

3100 BCE

Egyptians create first wall paintings in tombs.

Egyptian Relief Sculptures

2700 BCE

Egyptians develop first painted relief sculptures.

Egyptian Statue

2660 BCE

Egyptians develop the first seated and free-standing statues.

Great Pyramid of Giza

2550 BCE

Start of Egyptian Pyramids.
The Architect Hemon designs the Great Pyramid at Giza; one of the Seven Wonders of the World

Sphinx

2550 BCE

Khufu builds the Sphinx

Aegean Art

2500 BCE

Start of Aegean Art in eastern Mediterranean.
The term "Aegean art" refers to a cluster of differing cultures that flourished in the area of the Aegean Sea in the eastern Mediterranean.

Chinese Art

1750 BCE

First Chinese art appears, bronzes of Shang Dynasty art, as well as the earliest Calligraphy.

Iron Age Art

1500 BCE

Iron Age Art begins in Europe.
Dying Gaul (c.232 BCE) by Greek
Sculptor Epigonus.

Archaic Geometric Greek Pottery

750 BCE

First appearance of Geometric style of Greek Pottery.
Going far beyond the circular designs of the earlier protogeometric period, geometric pottery includes some of the finest surviving works of Greek visual art. Vases were often made according to a strict system of proportions.
The Amphora [c.750 BCE]
Archaic Greek

Black Figure Pottery

650 BCE

black-figure pottery: figures were first drawn in black silhouette, then marked with incised detail.
Terracotta column-krater

Greek Architecture

600 BCE

The Parthenon
It was during 6th and 7th centuries that stone was used for Greek public buildings, especially temples.

Greek Sculpture

600 BCE

Dominated by two human stereotypes: the standing nude youth (kouros) and the standing draped girl (kore).

Greek Classical Period

480 BCE

In the history of sculpture, no period was more productive than the 150 years between 480 and 330 BCE.

Classical Greek Art

450 BCE

Classical Greek painting reveals a grasp of linear perspective and naturalist representation

Hellenistic Art

250 BCE

The period of Hellenistic art opens with the death of Alexander the Great and the incorporation of the Persian Empire into the Greek world.
Altar of Zeus at Pergamon

Roman Art

27 BCE

Era of Roman Art begins
Marcus Aurelius' Column

Early Christian Art

300

Early Christian art becomes more widespread
Jesus healing the bleeding woman, Roman catacombs, 300–350

Dark Ages (Medieval art)

450

Beginning of Medieval art
Ravenna, S Apollinare Nuovo, mosaic showing the Betrayal of Christ

Byzantine Art

500

The most prominet feature was that it became more abstract, favoring symbolism rather than realistic representations
the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople – the image of Christ Pantocrator

Romanesque Art

1050

Art was used to spread religion and to bring people closer to God
Saint Mary, Joseph and the birth of Christ. Romanesque period

Gothic Art

1140

Architecture was the principal means of artistic Expressions during the gothic period
Sainte Chapelle

Early Renassisance

1400

Scientific and Mathematical advances, inspired by serious study of ancient Greek and Roamn culture, became tools that artist used in their work
Christ Handing the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter

High Renaissance

1500

Artist of the High Reniassance disregarded the rules of the Early Reniassance and let their feelings dicate their styles
The Creation of Adam

Mannerism Era

1530

In Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck

Baroque Art

1650

The Triumph of the Immaculate by Paolo de Matteis
Baroque art was a dramatic and grandeur style

Rococo Art

1700

characterized by soft colors and curvy lines, and depicts scenes of love, nature, amorous encounters, light-hearted entertainment, and youth to create the illusions of surprise, motion, and drama
The Bathers

Neoclassicism Era

1750

This art era is based on France under Napolean Bonaparte, who did not like the favored a more classical approach of ancient Greece and Rome
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii

Romanticism

1800

Two Men Contemplating the Moon (1830)
By the German Romantic painter Caspar David Friedrich.

Photography

1838

Louis Daguerre takes the first photo
Boulevard du Temple and the first photograph of human beings, taken by Louis Daguerre in 1838.

Victorian Art

1840

The First of May
rapid industrial development and social and political change

Realism Art

1850

In realism art, the art was rejected both and focusedon direct experience, what they saw, pleasant, or unpleasant.
Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet

Modern Art

1860

Modern Art Era begins
Honoré Daumier
The Uprising c. 1860

French Impressionism

1869

Poppy Field (Argenteuil) (1873)
Musee d'Orsay. By Claude Monet.

Impressionism Art

1872

They painted people and things as solid colored objects. And also realized the color of light had a tremendous effect on the color of objects.
The Gleaners (1857)
Louvre Museum, Paris.
By Jean-Francois Millet

Naive Art

1880

Naïve art is any form of visual art that is created by a person who lacks the formal education and training that a professional artist undergoes.
Henri Rousseau's The Repast of the Lion

Post-Impressionism

1899

Two Tahitian Women with Red Flowers
(1899)
In fine art, the term Post-Impressionism denotes the phase of modern art during which artists sought to progress beyond the narrow imitative style of Impressionism,

Art Nouveau

1900

it promulgated the idea of art and design as part of everyday life.
Art Nouveau Staircase (1893-7)
Emile Tassel House, Brussels.
Design by architect Victor Horta,

Classical Revival in Modern Art

1900

Large Bather (1921)
Musee de l'Orangerie, Paris.
By Pablo Picasso.

Expressionism

1905

The art era expressionism, the the attitude or philosophy of art rather than a particular style.
The Large Blue Horses (1911)
Walker Art Centre, Minneapolis.
By Franz Marc.

Cubism Art

1907

Cubism art was begun in 1907 by Picasso, who was joined by Georges Braque. They used Cezanne’s ideas building up a surface with small squarish brush strokes in their art.
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1909)
by Pablo Picasso.

Art Deco

1920

Exemplified by the geometric designs of famous New York buildings
AIG Building, New York (1932)

Surrealism

1924

The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street
(1914) By Giorgio de Chirico,

Socialist Realism

1928

Migrant Mother (1936)
Nipomo, California.
Associated with interwar American art, which commented on social, economic and political conditions prevailing during the Depression era.

Abstract Expressionism

1940

Woman V (1952). Willem De Kooning

Color Field Painting

1948

Color Field painting is a style of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the 1940s and 1950
Rothko

Pop Art

1950

Whaam! (1963) Roy Lichtenstein.
Tate Collection, London.