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First Period homes typically include a central chimney, a front over hang (jetty), pitched roof, and a slightly asymmetrical plan. This inherited its name "first period" because it was the first movement to a new style home.
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The Georgian Colonial gets its name from british influence. Reigns of King Georges, I, II, III. This style is known for multipain windows, symmetry, 2 1/2 stories, and barnlike roofs.
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Federal style got its name from the time period. America was just becoming a country and creating its constitution. Jefferson over saw the building of the capital, inspired by Roman temple the Maison Carree. Federal is a revival of Roman architecture with a twist to make it original to America. Characteristics include, front facade, columns (at entrance), curved stair case, and build of brick.
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Because British influence decreased after the War of 1812 and the US expanding westward, Greek revival was a expression of America’ sense that our newly formed nation was a descendant of Greece, but also independent. This style includes a (white painted) plastic exterior, horizontal transom, moldings, embellishments, cornices, and gables.
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Characteristics of Gothic Revival include symmetrical shape, pilasters, columns, a porch, a window in the pediment, and chimneys are placed far back as possible to appear like a Greek temple. Gothic revival is inspired by medieval architecture and is a romantic adaptation of medieval architecture.
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This style was based off of informal forms of Italian farmhouses. Italianate began in England as product of rigid formalism came to popularity in the nineteenth-century architecture and came to America in the 1830s. Characteristics include cupolas, square towers, rounded windows, and informal detailing.
