-
(5) Indentured Servants
1600's
Signed contracts agreeing to work for four or more years in return for a paid passage to America and free food, clothing, etc.
Enslaved workers & indentured servants experience differed from the Southern planter elite which had all of the political and economic influence.
Headright system which gave 50 additional acres of land for every adult family member or servant brought to the colony.
This land was to be given to indentured servants at the end of their contracts but rarely was. -
(7) Social Develpoments
1600-1700's
Declining tobacco prices increased power of wealthy landlords.
Political protestors erupted. -
(14) Pre-Destination
1600's
Influenced by John Calvin; most Puritans believed in pre-destination.
The belief that God had decided or “predestined” the fates of all people before they were born.
Divided the church from those who were “elect” and those who were not. -
(22) Foundations for the Northern Economy
1600-1700's
Had to accumulate gold and silver by selling more goods to other countries that it bought from them.
Should be self-sufficient in raw materials from its colonies.
(Mercantelism) -
(9) African Slave Culture
1600-1700's
The first African slaves arrived in Virginia around 1619 - by 1775 they numbered about 20% of the population.
Throughout the colonies laws called slave codes kept African slaves from owning property, receiving an education, moving about freely, or meeting in large groups. -
(21) Social Developments (NE)
Puritans treated Native Americans brutally.
In 1636 Pequot warriors attacked Puritan farmers who had begun to intrude their lands in the Connecticut River Valley. -
(1) Jamestown
Only Men and boys - no families.
1st lasting settlement.
Economy = Agriculture (tobacco)
Plenty of land, but not enough workers.
Migrants = employer "servants".
"Dig gold, refine gold, load gold."
38/120 men alive after 1st 9 months.
1) Swampy location
2) Disease (malaria)
3) All men
4) No work ethic
5) Malnutrition
6) /indian raids -
Period: to
Virginia ( Chesapeake Bay Colony/Southern Colony)
-
(2) Develpoment of Tobacco (John Rolfe)
Set off 40 year boom economy.
John Rolfe introduced it as an incentive.
Planters moved up river valleys and established plantations that were distant from one another, but easy to reach by water. -
(3) House of Burgesses
Authority to make laws; levy taxes.
The colonists formed their own assembly to make their own laws. -
(8) Development of Slavery in the CB
Triangular Trade.
Slave code kept African Slaves from owning property, receiving ducation, and moving about freely.
Most African slaves lived on plantations where they worked long days and were subject to beatings and brandings by slave owners.
They were sold away from their families.
Family and religion helped them to maintain dignity. -
(12) Pilgrims
Small group of separatists, who came to be known as Pilgrims headed for Virginia on the Mayflower.
In England, King James was persecuting a group of Puritans who called themselves separatists because they wanted to separate from the Anglican Church (the Church of England). -
(13) Mayflower Compact
They were blown off course and landed of the coast of Massachusetts.
They landed in a territory without an English government so they created their own plan of self government. -
(15) Puritans
Puritans arrived in Massachusetts Bay with a charter for a new colony
Founded Boston
Leader was John Winthrop who envisioned a model colony for the entire world to emulate “a city upon a hill”.
Valued religion, hard work, and obedience to strict rules regulating daily life.
Government and religion were tied together . -
(16) Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)
Puritans arrived in Massachusetts Bay with a charter for a new colony.
Their leader was John Winthrop who envisioned a model colony for the entire world to emulate “a city upon a hill".
The people of Massachusetts set up a representative government with an elected assembly to make laws ; the government collected taxes to support the church, and the Puritan leaders of the colony set strict rules for behavior. -
(17) Roger Williams
Challenged Puritan beliefs in his ministry and the authority of the king to claim Native American lands
In 1636 he was banned and left MBC and founded the town of Providence and Rhode Island where the government had no authority in religious affairs and different beliefs were okay. -
(11) Lord Baltimore
Maryland joined Virginia but was a proprietary colony.
The owner of the colony was George Calvert (Lord Baltimore).
He hoped to make the colony a refuge for Catholics, however many of the settlers were Protestants which caused religious conflict . -
(18) Anne Hutchinson
Dissident whou taught things contrary to Puritan religion and was banished.
Later settled in Rhode Island and was killed by Indians when migrating further west. -
(19) Thomas Hooker/Fundamental Orders of Connecicut
Founded a colony in Connecticut where the first written constitution was recorded.
Allowed all adult men to vote and hold office. -
(31) Georgia
Last southern colony and became a place to start over for English citizens who were serving jail time for not paying debts -
(10) Maryland Toleration Act
Lor Baltiimore passes the Maryland Toleration Act in 1649 which granted religious freedom to all Christians in the colony. -
(6) Navigation Acts
1650-1763
Permitted only English in colonial ships to enter American ports.
English monarchs continually raised import duties on tobacco. -
(20) Halfway Covenant
People could now take part in church services and activities without making a declaration of their belief in Christ.
Some ministers rejected the halfway covenant, but Puritan practices were weakened to maintain church membership.
Maintained religious influence and power. -
(28) Restoration Colonies
Late 1600's
1660 King Charles II returned from exile ending the republican commonwealth and restored monarchy.
1664 he granted all the territory taken between Deleware and Connecticut Rivers to his brother James
N: tobacco; S: Rice -
(29) Economy of Carolinas
1600's
The Carolinas were founded when the king gave his political allies large tracts of land.
North - home mostly to tobacco farmers.
South - larger colony through the founding of Charleston where they grew mostly rice. -
(35) New York
Duke of York (renmaned after him).
The territory was one of the Middle Colonies, and ruled at first directly from England. -
(23) King Philip's War
1675-1676
Metacom united many tribes in southern New England against the English settlers.
Thousands killed on both sides; towns and villages were burned.
Killed Metecom and ended KPW. -
(4) Bacon's Rebellion
Caused by social division between the planter elite and the yeoman farmers.
Poor settlers wanted Native American land and protection from Native Americans.
Governor Berkeley and House of Burgesses says no.
Did not want to lose lucrative fur trade & cheap labor supply.
Civil war followed and there was mass destruction.
In the end the elite were forced to make concessions to the farmers by cutting taxes, giving more opportunity for land, and generally appeasing the low. -
Frame of Government
Penn provided the colony with a Frame of Government (1682-1683), which guaranteed a representative assembly, elected by landowners, and a written constitution, the Charter of Liberties (1701), which guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration. -
(32) William Penn and Quakers
- Objected to all political and religious authority
- No mandatory taxes or military service
- Were pacifists
- Believed in religious toleration
- Believed in equality and spoke out against slavery
- Did not cheat Native Americans out of their land
-
(35) Delaware
Almost eact copy of Pennsylvania (marintine economy).
Duke of York ()Penn's brother) allowed inhabitants to select thir own assembly, ethnic diversity, pacifist and freedom of conscience-made Pennsylvania and Delaware the most open and democratic colony of the period. -
(25) Dominion of New England
In 1686 King James II combined New York, New Jersey, and various New England colonies into a single unit called the Dominion of New England.
Sir Edmund Andros was sent to serve as governorand made himself unpopular by levying taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles. -
(26) Glorious Revolution
King James II converted to Catholicism which angered many in England and as a result he lost the throne to his protestant daughter and Dutch husband.
The Dominion of New England disintegrated when James II lost power during the Glorious Revolution and because of colonial resentment. -
(24) Salem Witch Trials
1692-1693
Poor resentful farmers in rural Salem Village appparently sought to retaliate against certain wealthier church members
Massachusetts authorities arrested 175 people and executed 20 (19 women). -
(27) Great Awakening
1720-1740
World religious movement that caused a fervor in religious belief and split the colonists into the "new lights" and "old lights". -
(30) Stono Rebellion
75 African American slaves stole gunsand killed a number of whites, and tried to go to Spanish Florida which resulted in tighter controls of white south.
